Campos H, Mata L, Siles X, Vives M, Ordovas J M, Schaefer E J
Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, U.S.D.A. Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111.
Circulation. 1992 Feb;85(2):648-58. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.85.2.648.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is becoming more prevalent in developing countries, particularly in the urban areas, in contrast to the CAD mortality trends observed in some industrialized nations.
We determined the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, total cholesterol greater than or equal to 240 mg/dl and greater than or equal to 200 less than or equal to 239 mg/dl, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol greater than or equal to 160 mg/dl and greater than 130 less than or equal to 159 mg/dl, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol less than 35 mg/dl) in 222 men and 243 women from rural and urban areas of Puriscal, Costa Rica, using the American Cholesterol Education Program guidelines. Urban Puriscal men had a significantly (p less than 0.05) higher prevalence of borderline high-risk total cholesterol (26% versus 14%), borderline high-risk LDL cholesterol (21% versus 11%), smoking (32% versus 13%), and higher prevalence of low HDL cholesterol (34% versus 24%), hypertension (16% versus 13%), diabetes (4.5% versus 2.7%), obesity (21% versus 14%), and saturated fat intake greater than 15% of calories (14% versus 7%) than rural men from Puriscal. No significant differences between rural and urban women were found for any of the cardiovascular risk factors. Urban Puriscal residents were also more sedentary than rural Puriscal residents.
These data indicate that modifiable risk factors are more prevalent in urban than in rural Puriscal, Costa Rica, particularly in men.
与一些工业化国家观察到的冠心病死亡率趋势相反，冠心病（CAD）在发展中国家，尤其是城市地区正变得越来越普遍。
我们根据美国胆固醇教育计划指南，确定了来自哥斯达黎加普里西卡尔城乡地区的222名男性和243名女性心血管危险因素（高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、肥胖、总胆固醇大于或等于240mg/dl以及大于或等于200小于或等于239mg/dl、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇大于或等于160mg/dl以及大于130小于或等于159mg/dl，和高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇小于35mg/dl）的患病率。普里西卡尔城市男性临界高风险总胆固醇（26%对14%）、临界高风险LDL胆固醇（21%对11%）、吸烟（32%对13%）的患病率显著更高（p小于0.05），低HDL胆固醇（34%对24%）、高血压（16%对13%）、糖尿病（4.5%对2.7%）、肥胖（21%对14%）以及饱和脂肪摄入量超过卡路里的15%（14%对7%）的患病率也高于普里西卡尔农村男性。在任何心血管危险因素方面，农村和城市女性均未发现显著差异。普里西卡尔城市居民也比农村居民久坐不动。
这些数据表明，在哥斯达黎加的普里西卡尔，可改变的危险因素在城市比农村更普遍，尤其是在男性中。
