Verplanken Bas, Friborg Oddgeir, Wang Catharina E, Trafimow David, Woolf Kristin
Department of Psychology, University of Tromsø, Norway.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2007 Mar;92(3):526-41. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.92.3.526.
In 8 studies, the authors investigated negative self-thinking as a mental habit. Mental content (negative self-thoughts) was distinguished from mental process (negative self-thinking habit). The negative self-thinking habit was assessed with a metacognitive instrument (Habit Index of Negative Thinking; HINT) measuring whether negative self-thoughts occur often, are unintended, are initiated without awareness, are difficult to control, and are self-descriptive. Controlling for negative cognitive content, the authors found that negative self-thinking habit was distinct from rumination and mindfulness, predicted explicit as well as implicit low self-esteem (name letter effect), attenuated a positivity bias in the processing of self-relevant stimuli, and predicted anxiety and depressive symptoms 9 months later. The results support the assumption that metacognitive reflection on negative self-thinking as mental habit may play an important role in self-evaluative processes.
在8项研究中，作者将消极的自我思考作为一种思维习惯进行了调查。心理内容（消极的自我想法）与心理过程（消极的自我思考习惯）有所区分。消极的自我思考习惯通过一种元认知工具（消极思维习惯指数；HINT）进行评估，该工具测量消极的自我想法是否经常出现、是否是无意识的、是否在没有意识的情况下产生、是否难以控制以及是否具有自我描述性。在控制了消极认知内容后，作者发现消极的自我思考习惯与沉思和正念不同，它预测了显性以及隐性的低自尊（名字字母效应），减弱了在处理与自我相关刺激时的积极偏向，并预测了9个月后的焦虑和抑郁症状。这些结果支持了这样一种假设，即对作为心理习惯的消极自我思考进行元认知反思可能在自我评估过程中发挥重要作用。
