Chan Jason C K, McDermott Kathleen B
Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2007 Mar;33(2):431-7. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.33.2.431.
The testing effect, or the finding that taking an initial test improves subsequent memory performance, is a robust and reliable phenomenon--as long as the final test involves recall. Few studies have examined the effects of taking an initial recall test on final recognition performance, and results from these studies are equivocal. In 3 experiments, we attempt to demonstrate that initial testing can change the ways in which later recognition decisions are executed even when no difference can be detected in the recognition hit rates. Specifically, initial testing was shown to enhance later recollection but leave familiarity unchanged. This conclusion emerged from three dependent measures: source memory, exclusion performance, and remember/know judgments.
测试效应，即初次测试能提高后续记忆表现这一发现，是一个稳健且可靠的现象——只要最终测试涉及回忆。很少有研究考察初次回忆测试对最终识别表现的影响，且这些研究的结果并不明确。在3项实验中，我们试图证明，即使在识别命中率上未检测到差异，初次测试也能改变后续识别决策的执行方式。具体而言，研究表明初次测试能增强后续的回忆，但不会改变熟悉度。这一结论源自三项相关测量：来源记忆、排除表现以及“记得/知道”判断。
