Coolen Marco J L, Abbas Ben, van Bleijswijk Judith, Hopmans Ellen C, Kuypers Marcel M M, Wakeham Stuart G, Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S
Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Biogeochemistry and Toxicology, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands.
Environ Microbiol. 2007 Apr;9(4):1001-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01227.x.
Within the upper 400 m at western, central and eastern stations in the world's largest stratified basin, the Black Sea, we studied the qualitative and quantitative distribution of putative nitrifying Archaea based on their genetic markers (16S rDNA, amoA encoding for the alpha-subunit of archaeal ammonia monooxygenase), and crenarchaeol, the specific glycerol diphytanyl glycerol tetraether of pelagic Crenarchaeota within the Group I.1a. Marine Crenarchaeota were the most abundant Archaea (up to 98% of the total archaeal 16S rDNA copies) in the suboxic layers with oxygen levels as low as 1 microM including layers where previously anammox bacteria were described. Different marine crenarchaeotal phylotypes (both 16S rDNA and amoA) were found at the upper part of the suboxic zone as compared with the base of the suboxic zone and the upper 15-30 m of the anoxic waters with prevailing sulfide concentrations of up to 30 microM. Crenarchaeol concentrations were higher in the sulfidic chemocline as compared with the suboxic zone. These results indicate an abundance of putative nitrifying Archaea at very low oxygen levels within the Black Sea and might form an important source of nitrite for the anammox reaction.
在世界上最大的分层盆地——黑海西部、中部和东部站点的上层400米范围内，我们基于其遗传标记（16S rDNA，编码古菌氨单加氧酶α亚基的amoA）以及I.1a组中浮游奇古菌门特有的甘油二植烷甘油四醚——藿烷甘油醚，研究了假定的硝化古菌的定性和定量分布。海洋奇古菌门是缺氧层中最丰富的古菌（占古菌16S rDNA拷贝总数的98%），这些缺氧层的氧含量低至1微摩尔，包括之前描述过厌氧氨氧化细菌的层。与缺氧层底部以及缺氧水域上部15 - 30米处（主要硫化物浓度高达30微摩尔）相比，在缺氧区上部发现了不同的海洋奇古菌门系统发育型（16S rDNA和amoA）。与缺氧区相比，硫化物化学跃层中的藿烷甘油醚浓度更高。这些结果表明，黑海在极低氧水平下存在大量假定的硝化古菌，可能是厌氧氨氧化反应中亚硝酸盐的重要来源。
