Telford John, Cosgrave John
Disasters. 2007 Mar;31(1):1-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7717.2007.00337.x.
The December 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunamis were an exceptional event. So too was the scale of the response, particularly the level of international funding. Unprecedented donations meant that for once, an international emergency response was largely free of financial constraints. This removal of the funding constraint facilitated observation of the capacity and quality of international disaster aid. The Tsunami Evaluation Coalition conducted five independent thematic assessments in 2005-an impact study was planned, but never implemented. The five evaluations were supported by 44 sub-studies. Based on this work, this paper compares international disaster response objectives, principles and standards with actual performance. It reaches conclusions on four salient aspects: funding; capacity and quality; recovery; and ownership. It ends by proposing a fundamental reorientation of international disaster response approaches that would root them in concepts of sustainable disaster risk reduction and recovery, based on local and national ownership of these processes.
2004年12月的印度洋地震和海啸是一场特殊事件。应对行动的规模亦是如此，尤其是国际资金投入的水平。史无前例的捐款意味着，国际应急响应这一次在很大程度上没有资金限制。资金限制的消除便于观察国际救灾援助的能力和质量。海啸评估联盟在2005年进行了五项独立的专题评估——一项影响研究虽已计划，但从未实施。这五项评估得到了44项子研究的支持。基于这项工作，本文将国际灾害应对目标、原则和标准与实际表现进行了比较。它在四个突出方面得出了结论：资金；能力和质量；恢复；以及自主权。文章最后提议对国际灾害应对方法进行根本性的重新定位，将其基于可持续减少灾害风险和恢复的概念，以这些过程的地方和国家自主权为基础。
