Meikle W G, Mercadier G, Holst N, Nansen C, Girod V
European Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Campus International de Baillarguet, CS 90013 Montferrier sur Lez, 34988 St. Gely du Fesc, France.
J Econ Entomol. 2007 Feb;100(1):1-10. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1:dasoae]2.0.co;2.
A strain of the fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Deuteromycota: Hyphomycetes) isolated from varroa mites, Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman (Acari: Varroidae), was used to treat honey bees, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), against varroa mites in southern France. Fungal treatment caused a significant increase in the percentage of infected varroa mites compared with control treatments in two field experiments. In the first experiment, hives were treated with a formulation containing 0.37 g of B. bassiana conidia per hive and in the second experiment with a dose of 1.0 g of conidia per hive. The percentage of infected varroa mites also increased in the nontreated (control) hives, suggesting a movement of conidia, probably via bee drift, among the hives. Mite fall was significantly higher among treated hives compared with control hives on the sixth and eighth days after treatment in the first experiment. These days correspond to previously published data on the median survivorship of mites exposed to that fungal solate. The interaction of treatment and date was significant in the second experiment with respect to mite fall. Increases in colony-forming unit (cfu) density per bee were observed in all treatments but were significantly higher among bees from treated hives than control hives for at least a week after treatment. The relationship between cfu density per bee and proportion infected was modeled using a sigmoid curve. High levels of infection (>80%) were observed for cfu density per bee as low as 5 x 102 per bee, but the cfu density in hives treated with 0.37 g generally dropped below this level less than a week after treatment.
从狄斯瓦螨（Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman，蜱螨亚纲：瓦螨科）中分离出的一株球孢白僵菌（Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin，半知菌亚门：丝孢纲），被用于在法国南部防治蜜蜂（Apis mellifera L.，膜翅目：蜜蜂科）身上的狄斯瓦螨。在两项田间试验中，与对照处理相比，真菌处理使被感染狄斯瓦螨的百分比显著增加。在第一项试验中，蜂箱用每个蜂箱含0.37克球孢白僵菌分生孢子的制剂处理，在第二项试验中用每个蜂箱1.0克分生孢子的剂量处理。未处理（对照）蜂箱中被感染狄斯瓦螨的百分比也有所增加，这表明分生孢子可能通过蜜蜂漂移在蜂箱间移动。在第一项试验中，处理后的第6天和第8天，处理过的蜂箱中的螨落显著高于对照蜂箱。这些天数与先前公布的接触该真菌分离株的螨的中位存活数据相对应。在第二项试验中，处理与日期的交互作用对于螨落具有显著意义。在所有处理中均观察到每只蜜蜂的菌落形成单位（cfu）密度增加，但处理过的蜂箱中的蜜蜂在处理后至少一周内，其cfu密度显著高于对照蜂箱。使用S形曲线对每只蜜蜂的cfu密度与感染比例之间的关系进行了建模。每只蜜蜂的cfu密度低至5×10²时，观察到高感染水平（>80%），但用0.37克处理的蜂箱中的cfu密度通常在处理后不到一周就降至该水平以下。
