Paquet C, Coulombier D, Kaiser R, Ciotti M
Institut de veille sanitaire, Saint-Maurice, France.
Euro Surveill. 2006;11(12):212-4.
In a rapidly changing environment, national institutions in charge of health security can no longer rely only on traditional disease reporting mechanisms that are not designed to recognise emergence of new hazards. Epidemic intelligence provides a conceptual framework within which countries may adapt their public health surveillance system to meet new challenges. Epidemic intelligence (EI) encompasses all activities related to early identification of potential health hazards, their verification, assessment and investigation in order to recommend public health control measures. EI integrates both an indicator-based and an event-based component. 'Indicator-based component' refers to structured data collected through routine surveillance systems. 'Event-based component' refers to unstructured data gathered from sources of intelligence of any nature. All EU member states have long-established disease surveillance systems that provide proper indicator-based surveillance. For most countries, the challenge lies now in developing and structuring the event-based component of EI within national institution in charge of public health surveillance. In May 2006, the European Union member states committed to comply with provisions of the revised International Health Regulations (IHR(2005)) considered relevant to the risk posed by avian and potential human pandemic influenza. This provides for the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) with an opportunity to guide member states in developing and/or strengthening their national EI , in addition to the ECDC's task of developing an EI system for the EU.
在快速变化的环境中，负责卫生安全的国家机构不能再仅仅依赖传统的疾病报告机制，因为这些机制并非设计用于识别新危害的出现。疫情情报提供了一个概念框架，各国可在此框架内调整其公共卫生监测系统，以应对新挑战。疫情情报（EI）涵盖与潜在健康危害的早期识别、核实、评估和调查相关的所有活动，以便推荐公共卫生控制措施。EI整合了基于指标和基于事件的两个组成部分。“基于指标的组成部分”指通过常规监测系统收集的结构化数据。“基于事件的组成部分”指从任何性质的情报来源收集的非结构化数据。所有欧盟成员国都有长期建立的疾病监测系统，可提供适当的基于指标的监测。对大多数国家而言，目前的挑战在于在负责公共卫生监测的国家机构内发展和构建EI的基于事件的组成部分。2006年5月，欧盟成员国承诺遵守经修订的《国际卫生条例》（《国际卫生条例（2005）》）中被认为与禽流感和潜在的人类大流行性流感所构成的风险相关的规定。这为欧洲疾病预防控制中心（ECDC）提供了一个机会，除了为欧盟开发一个EI系统的任务外，还可指导成员国发展和/或加强其国家EI。
