Pache M
Universitätsaugenklinik, Universität Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg.
Ophthalmologe. 2007 May;104(5):431-41; quiz 442-3. doi: 10.1007/s00347-007-1506-0.
The exact pathomechanism of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is still not completely understood. Besides elevated intraocular pressure, which has been identified as a major risk factor, there is mounting evidence for the involvement of systemic factors in the development of glaucomatous damage. Systemic peculiarities described in POAG include cardiovascular, endocrine, neurodegenerative, and sleep alterations. However, some of the studies available on systemic findings in glaucoma patients are contradictory, making further research necessary to identify the exact role of such disturbances in the pathogenesis of the damage. Another difficulty is that many studies are limited by their small sample size, their retrospective nature, and potential selection bias, thus making data interpretation more difficult. Moreover, it is not always clear whether we are dealing with coincidence or a true association between glaucoma and a particular systemic disease. Nevertheless, there is ample evidence for the involvement of vascular factors such as vascular dysregulation and blood pressure in the pathogenesis of POAG.
原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）的确切发病机制仍未完全明确。除了已被确定为主要危险因素的眼压升高外，越来越多的证据表明全身因素也参与了青光眼性损害的发生发展。POAG中描述的全身特征包括心血管、内分泌、神经退行性和睡眠改变。然而，一些关于青光眼患者全身检查结果的现有研究相互矛盾，因此有必要进行进一步研究以确定这些紊乱在损害发病机制中的确切作用。另一个困难是，许多研究受样本量小、回顾性性质和潜在选择偏倚的限制，从而使数据解释更加困难。此外，青光眼与特定全身疾病之间究竟是巧合还是真正存在关联，往往并不明确。尽管如此，有充分证据表明血管因素如血管调节异常和血压参与了POAG的发病机制。
