Feder Katya P, Majnemer Annette
Canadian Institutes of Health Research, School of Optometry, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007 Apr;49(4):312-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.00312.x.
Failure to attain handwriting competency during the school-age years often has far-reaching negative effects on both academic success and self-esteem. This complex occupational task has many underlying component skills that may interfere with handwriting performance. Fine motor control, bilateral and visual-motor integration, motor planning, in-hand manipulation, proprioception, visual perception, sustained attention, and sensory awareness of the fingers are some of the component skills identified. Poor handwriting may be related to intrinsic factors, which refer to the child's actual handwriting capabilities, or extrinsic factors which are related to environmental or biomechanical components, or both. It is important that handwriting performance be evaluated using a valid, reliable, standardized tool combined with informal classroom observation and teacher consultation. Studies of handwriting remediation suggest that intervention is effective. There is evidence to indicate that handwriting difficulties do not resolve without intervention and affect between 10 and 30% of school-aged children. Despite the widespread use of computers, legible handwriting remains an important life skill that deserves greater attention from educators and health practitioners.
在学龄期未能掌握书写能力通常会对学业成就和自尊产生深远的负面影响。这项复杂的职业任务有许多潜在的组成技能,这些技能可能会干扰书写表现。精细运动控制、双侧及视觉运动整合、运动规划、手中操作、本体感觉、视觉感知、持续注意力以及手指的感觉意识是已确定的一些组成技能。书写不佳可能与内在因素有关,内在因素指的是孩子实际的书写能力,也可能与外在因素有关,外在因素与环境或生物力学因素有关,或者两者皆有。重要的是,要使用有效、可靠、标准化的工具,并结合课堂非正式观察和教师咨询来评估书写表现。书写矫正研究表明干预是有效的。有证据表明,书写困难若不进行干预就不会得到解决,且影响10%至30%的学龄儿童。尽管计算机被广泛使用,但清晰易读的书写仍然是一项重要的生活技能,值得教育工作者和健康从业者给予更多关注。