Widelitz Randall B, Veltmaat Jacqueline M, Mayer Julie Ann, Foley John, Chuong Cheng-Ming
Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2007 Apr;18(2):255-66. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2007.02.005. Epub 2007 Feb 20.
It may appear counter-intuitive to compare feathers and mammary glands. However, through this Evo-Devo analysis, we appreciate how species interact with the environment, requiring different ectodermal organs. Novel ectodermal organs help define evolutionary directions, leading to new organism classes as exemplified by feathers for Aves and mammary glands for Mammals. Here, we review their structure, function, morphogenesis and regenerative cycling. Interestingly, both organs undergo extensive branching for different reasons; feather branching is driven by mechanical advantage while mammary glands nourish young. Besides natural selection, both are regulated by sex hormones and acquired a secondary function for attracting mates, contributing to sexual selection.
将羽毛和乳腺进行比较可能显得有违直觉。然而，通过这种演化发育生物学分析，我们认识到物种如何与环境相互作用，这需要不同的外胚层器官。新的外胚层器官有助于界定进化方向，从而产生新的生物类别，鸟类的羽毛和哺乳动物的乳腺就是例证。在此，我们综述它们的结构、功能、形态发生和再生循环。有趣的是，这两种器官出于不同原因都会经历广泛的分支；羽毛分支是由机械优势驱动的，而乳腺则是为了哺育幼崽。除了自然选择外，两者都受性激素调控，并获得了吸引配偶的次要功能，这有助于性选择。
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