Clarke Sean P, Schubert Maria, Körner Thorsten
Center for Health Outcomes and Policy Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007 Apr;28(4):473-8. doi: 10.1086/513445. Epub 2007 Mar 15.
To compare sharp-device injury rates among hospital staff nurses in 4 Western countries.
Cross-sectional survey.
Acute-care hospital nurses in the United States (Pennsylvania), Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, and Ontario), the United Kingdom (England and Scotland), and Germany.
A total of 34,318 acute-care hospital staff nurses in 1998-1999.
Survey-based rates of retrospectively-reported needlestick injuries in the previous year for medical-surgical unit nurses ranged from 146 injuries per 1,000 full-time equivalent positions (FTEs) in the US sample to 488 injuries per 1,000 FTEs in Germany. In the United States and Canada, very high rates of sharp-device injury among nurses working in the operating room and/or perioperative care were observed (255 and 569 injuries per 1,000 FTEs per year, respectively). Reported use of safety-engineered sharp devices was considerably lower in Germany and Canada than it was in the United States. Some variation in injury rates was seen across nursing specialties among North American nurses, mostly in line with the frequency of risky procedures in the nurses' work.
Studies conducted in the United States over the past 15 years suggest that the rates of sharp-device injuries to front-line nurses have fallen over the past decade, probably at least in part because of increased awareness and adoption of safer technologies, suggesting that regulatory strategies have improved nurse safety. The much higher injury rate in Germany may be due to slow adoption of safety devices. Wider diffusion of safer technologies, as well as introduction and stronger enforcement of occupational safety and health regulations, are likely to decrease sharp-device injury rates in various countries even further.
比较4个西方国家医院注册护士的锐器伤发生率。
横断面调查。
美国（宾夕法尼亚州）、加拿大（艾伯塔省、不列颠哥伦比亚省和安大略省）、英国（英格兰和苏格兰）及德国的急症护理医院。
1998 - 1999年共有34318名急症护理医院的注册护士。
以内科-外科病房护士为调查对象，回顾性报告的上一年度针刺伤发生率在美国样本中为每1000个全时当量职位（FTE）有146例损伤，在德国为每1000个FTE有488例损伤。在美国和加拿大，观察到手术室和/或围手术期护理护士的锐器伤发生率非常高（分别为每年每1000个FTE有255例和569例损伤）。据报告，德国和加拿大安全设计锐器的使用比例明显低于美国。北美护士中不同护理专业的损伤发生率存在一些差异，大多与护士工作中危险操作的频率一致。
过去15年在美国进行的研究表明，过去十年一线护士的锐器伤发生率有所下降，这可能至少部分归因于意识的提高和更安全技术的采用，表明监管策略改善了护士的安全状况。德国较高的损伤发生率可能是由于安全装置采用缓慢。更广泛地推广更安全的技术，以及引入和更有力地执行职业安全与健康法规，可能会进一步降低各国的锐器伤发生率。
