Naveh-Benjamin Moshe, Brav Tamar Keshet, Levy Oded
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Psychol Aging. 2007 Mar;22(1):202-8. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.22.1.202.
Past research has established an associative deficit hypothesis (e.g., M. Naveh-Benjamin, 2000) that attributes part of older adults' poor episodic memory performance to their difficulty in creating and retrieving cohesive episodes. Here, the authors evaluate the degree to which this deficit can be reduced by older adults' use of associative strategies. Young and older adults learned word pairs under either intentional-learning instructions or instructions eliciting associative strategies either at encoding or both at encoding and at retrieval, and they then took tests on their memory for both the components and the associations. Results replicated the associative deficit of older adults under intentional-learning instructions. In addition, they showed that instructions to use appropriate associative strategies during either encoding or, even more so, during encoding and retrieval resulted in a significant decrease in the associative deficit. The theoretical and applied implications of these results are discussed.
过去的研究已经确立了一种联想缺陷假说（例如，M. 纳韦 - 本杰明，2000年），该假说将老年人情景记忆表现不佳的部分原因归结为他们在创建和检索连贯情节时存在困难。在此，作者评估了老年人使用联想策略能够在多大程度上减少这种缺陷。年轻人和老年人在有意学习指导下或在编码时或在编码和检索时都采用引发联想策略的指导下学习单词对，然后他们对单词对的组成部分和联想进行记忆测试。结果重现了在有意学习指导下老年人的联想缺陷。此外，结果表明，在编码期间甚至在编码和检索期间使用适当联想策略的指导导致联想缺陷显著减少。本文讨论了这些结果的理论和应用意义。
