Wesnes Stian Langeland, Rortveit Guri, Bø Kari, Hunskaar Steinar
Department of Medicine, Hallgesund Hospital, and Section for General Practice, Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Apr;109(4):922-8. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000257120.23260.00.
To investigate incidence and prevalence of urinary incontinence during pregnancy and associated risk factors.
The data collection was conducted as part of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. We present questionnaire data about urinary incontinence obtained from 43,279 women (response rate 45%) by week 30. We report data on any incontinence, in addition to type, frequency, and amount of incontinence. Potential risk factors were investigated by logistic regression analyses.
The prevalence of incontinence increased from 26% before pregnancy to 58% in week 30. The corresponding figures for nulliparous women were 15% and 48%, and for parous women 35% and 67%. The cumulative incidence was 46%. Stress urinary incontinence was the most common type of incontinence in week 30 of pregnancy, experienced by 31% of nulliparous and 42% of parous women. The majority of pregnant women had leakage less than once per week and droplets only, both before and during pregnancy. Parity was a strong and significant risk factor for incontinence in adjusted analyses both before pregnancy (odds ratio [OR] 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4-2.7 for primiparous and OR 3.3, 95% CI 3.1-3.5 for multiparous women) and during pregnancy (ORs 2.0, 95% CI 1.9-2.1 and 2.1, 95% CI 2.0-2.2, respectively). Age and body mass index were weaker, but still statistically significant, risk factors.
The prevalence of urinary incontinence increases substantially during pregnancy. Incontinence both before and during pregnancy seems to be associated with parity, age, and body mass index.
II.
调查孕期尿失禁的发病率和患病率以及相关危险因素。
数据收集是挪威公共卫生研究所开展的挪威母婴队列研究的一部分。我们展示了在孕30周时从43279名女性（回复率45%）处获得的关于尿失禁的问卷数据。除了失禁类型、频率和尿量外，我们还报告了任何失禁情况的数据。通过逻辑回归分析研究潜在危险因素。
失禁患病率从孕前的26%增加到孕30周时的58%。未生育女性的相应数字分别为15%和48%，经产妇为35%和67%。累积发病率为46%。压力性尿失禁是孕30周时最常见的失禁类型，未生育女性中有31%、经产妇中有42%出现该情况。大多数孕妇在孕前和孕期漏尿频率均低于每周一次且仅为点滴状。在调整分析中，产次是孕前（初产妇比值比[OR]2.5，95%置信区间[CI]2.4 - 2.7；经产妇OR 3.3，95% CI 3.1 - 3.5）和孕期（OR分别为2.0，95% CI 1.9 - 2.1和2.1，95% CI 2.0 - 2.2）失禁的一个强烈且显著的危险因素。年龄和体重指数是较弱但仍具有统计学意义的危险因素。
孕期尿失禁患病率大幅增加。孕前和孕期的失禁似乎都与产次、年龄和体重指数有关。
II级
