Chapman Benjamin P, Lyness Jeffrey M, Duberstein Paul
Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Psychosom Med. 2007 Apr;69(3):277-82. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3180313975. Epub 2007 Mar 30.
To examine the association between Five Factor Model personality traits (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to experience, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness) and physician-quantified aggregate morbidity in a sample of older adults in primary care.
A total of 449 primary care patients, ranging in age from 65 to 97 years (75 +/- 6.9 (mean +/- standard deviation)), completed the Neo-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and extensive interviews. A physician-investigator completed the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS), a well-validated measure of aggregate morbidity based on a review of medical records.
Bivariate analyses demonstrated that all five domains of the NEO-FFI were associated with CIRS scores. Multivariate regression controlling for age, gender, education, depression, smoking, hypertension, total cholesterol, alcohol or substance misuse, and other personality traits showed that greater Conscientiousness was independently associated with lower CIRS scores (beta = -0.10, t(435) = -1.96, p = .05). Other independent predictors of less morbidity were younger age, absence of hypertension, and lower levels of depression.
Our results point toward the necessity of considering Conscientiousness and other personality traits in studies of risk factors for aggregate morbidity. More detailed characterization of at-risk populations will increase the likelihood of constructing informed and effective prevention, intervention, and policy initiatives.
在初级保健机构的老年人群样本中，研究五因素模型人格特质（神经质、外向性、开放性、宜人性、尽责性）与医生量化的总体发病率之间的关联。
共有449名年龄在65至97岁之间（平均年龄75±6.9岁（均值±标准差））的初级保健患者完成了新版五因素问卷（NEO-FFI）和详细访谈。一名医生研究者完成了累积疾病评定量表（CIRS），这是一种基于病历回顾的有效总体发病率测量方法。
双变量分析表明，NEO-FFI的所有五个维度均与CIRS评分相关。在控制年龄、性别、教育程度、抑郁、吸烟、高血压、总胆固醇、酒精或药物滥用以及其他人格特质的多变量回归分析中，较高的尽责性与较低的CIRS评分独立相关（β = -0.10，t(435) = -1.96，p = .05）。其他发病率较低的独立预测因素包括年龄较小、无高血压以及抑郁程度较低。
我们的研究结果表明，在总体发病率风险因素研究中，有必要考虑尽责性和其他人格特质。对高危人群进行更详细的特征描述，将增加制定明智且有效的预防、干预和政策举措的可能性。
