Dixon Jane, Omwega Abiud M, Friel Sharon, Burns Cate, Donati Kelly, Carlisle Rachel
National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Acton, Australia.
J Urban Health. 2007 May;84(3 Suppl):i118-29. doi: 10.1007/s11524-007-9176-4.
There is increasing recognition that the nutrition transition sweeping the world's cities is multifaceted. Urban food and nutrition systems are beginning to share similar features, including an increase in dietary diversity, a convergence toward "Western-style" diets rich in fat and refined carbohydrate and within-country bifurcation of food supplies and dietary conventions. Unequal access to the available dietary diversity, calories, and gastronomically satisfying eating experience leads to nutritional inequalities and diet-related health inequities in rich and poor cities alike. Understanding the determinants of inequalities in food security and nutritional quality is a precondition for developing preventive policy responses. Finding common solutions to under- and overnutrition is required, the first step of which is poverty eradication through creating livelihood strategies. In many cities, thousands of positions of paid employment could be created through the establishment of sustainable and self-sufficient local food systems, including urban agriculture and food processing initiatives, food distribution centers, healthy food market services, and urban planning that provides for multiple modes of transport to food outlets. Greater engagement with the food supply may dispel many of the food anxieties affluent consumers are experiencing.
人们越来越认识到，席卷世界城市的营养转型是多方面的。城市食品和营养系统开始呈现出相似的特征，包括饮食多样性增加、趋向于富含脂肪和精制碳水化合物的“西式”饮食，以及国内食品供应和饮食传统的分化。无论贫富城市，获取现有饮食多样性、热量和美食体验的不平等都会导致营养不平等和与饮食相关的健康不平等。了解粮食安全和营养质量不平等的决定因素是制定预防性政策应对措施的先决条件。需要找到解决营养不良和营养过剩的共同办法，第一步是通过制定生计战略消除贫困。在许多城市，通过建立可持续和自给自足的地方食品系统，包括城市农业和食品加工项目、食品配送中心、健康食品市场服务以及为前往食品店提供多种交通方式的城市规划，可以创造数千个有薪就业岗位。更多地参与食品供应可能会消除富裕消费者正在经历的许多食品焦虑。
