Garahan M B, Waller J A, Houghton M, Tisdale W A, Runge C F
Starr Farm Nursing Center, Burlington, Vermont.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 1992 Feb;40(2):130-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01932.x.
To determine the prevalence and management of hearing loss and hearing handicap among non-demented nursing home residents.
Descriptive study of total population of two nursing homes.
All 121 eligible residents.
Two nursing homes. MINI OUTCOME MEASURES: Audiometry, questionnaires of nurses and subjects regarding perceived hearing handicap, and documentation in medical records of hearing loss.
77% had at least a mild (greater than or equal to 26 dB Hearing Level) hearing loss in the better ear, and 51% had a moderate to severe loss (greater than or equal to 41 dB HL). Self-assessments of hearing handicap by residents, together with audiometric findings and expressed interest in a hearing aid, were more useful guides for aural rehabilitation needs than were nurses' assessments of residents' handicaps. Medical records failed to identify 48% of residents with moderate to severe hearing losses. Fifty-eight percent of residents with severe hearing loss currently had hearing aids, and 38% more would like to have an aid.
Residents should have hearing evaluations with documentation of results on admission and periodically under the direction of a nurse trained as a hearing specialist. Environmental modifications of the NH plus use of hearing aids can improve hearing.
确定非痴呆养老院居民中听力损失和听力障碍的患病率及管理情况。
对两家养老院全体居民进行的描述性研究。
所有121名符合条件的居民。
两家养老院。最小观察指标：听力测定、护士及受试者关于感知听力障碍的问卷，以及听力损失的病历记录。
77%的居民较好耳至少有轻度（听力水平大于或等于26分贝）听力损失，51%有中度至重度损失（大于或等于41分贝听力水平）。居民对听力障碍的自我评估，连同听力测定结果以及对助听器表达的兴趣，对于听觉康复需求而言，比护士对居民障碍的评估更具指导作用。病历未能识别出48%有中度至重度听力损失的居民。58%有重度听力损失的居民目前佩戴助听器，另有38%希望佩戴。
居民入院时应接受听力评估并记录结果，且在经过听力专家培训的护士指导下定期进行评估。养老院的环境改造加上使用助听器可改善听力。
