Webb L, Beaumont D J, Nager R G, McCracken D I
Land Economy and Environment Research Group, Scottish Agricultural College, Auchincruive, Ayr, KA6 5HW, UK.
Bull Entomol Res. 2007 Apr;97(2):129-38. doi: 10.1017/S0007485307004683.
The effects of avermectin exposure on natural populations of the yellow dung fly, Scathophaga stercoraria Linnaeus, were investigated at the field scale on farms in south-west Scotland. Pastures forming the focus of the study were grazed with either untreated cattle or cattle receiving standard, manufacturer-recommended treatment regimes of an avermectin product. Flies were sampled between April and July in 2002 and 2003 using dung-baited pitfall traps. Abundance and wing asymmetry in S. stercoraria populations were examined in relation to a range of environmental and management variables (including avermectin exposure, pasture management intensity, weather and season). Data used for abundance analyses were collected in fields where treated cattle had been dosed with either doramectin or ivermectin, while the data for the asymmetry analyses were from a subset of fields where treated cattle had been dosed with doramectin only. While abundance of S. stercoraria varied significantly between years and with season, there was no difference in their abundance between fields grazed by avermectin-treated or untreated cattle. Asymmetry was significantly higher in fly populations in fields grazed by doramectin-treated cattle, suggesting that exposure to doramectin during development could have imposed some degree of environmental stress. While these results suggest that exposure to doramectin residues in dung on grazed pastures may have sublethal effects on the insects developing in that dung, there was no evident avermectin effect on the abundance of adult S. stercoraria occurring in the pastures.
在苏格兰西南部的农场实地规模上，研究了阿维菌素暴露对黄粪蝇（Scathophaga stercoraria Linnaeus）自然种群的影响。构成研究重点的牧场，放牧的要么是未处理的牛，要么是接受阿维菌素产品标准、制造商推荐处理方案的牛。在2002年和2003年的4月至7月间，使用粪便诱饵陷阱对苍蝇进行采样。研究了黄粪蝇种群的丰度和翅不对称性与一系列环境和管理变量（包括阿维菌素暴露、牧场管理强度、天气和季节）的关系。用于丰度分析的数据收集自给处理过的牛投喂多拉菌素或伊维菌素的田地，而不对称性分析的数据则来自仅给处理过的牛投喂多拉菌素的田地子集。虽然黄粪蝇的丰度在年份间和季节间有显著差异，但在阿维菌素处理或未处理的牛放牧的田地间，其丰度没有差异。在多拉菌素处理过的牛放牧的田地中，苍蝇种群的不对称性显著更高，这表明在发育过程中接触多拉菌素可能施加了一定程度的环境压力。虽然这些结果表明，在放牧的牧场上接触粪便中的多拉菌素残留可能对在该粪便中发育的昆虫有亚致死效应，但对牧场上成年黄粪蝇的丰度没有明显的阿维菌素效应。
