Adukauskiene Dalia, Vizgirdaite Venta, Mazeikiene Sandra
Clinic of Intensive Therapy, Kaunas University of Medicine, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2007;43(3):259-66.
Electrical trauma can be caused by low-voltage current (from 60 to 1000 V, usually 220 or 360 V), high-voltage (more than 1000 V) current, lightning, and voltaic arc. Often victims are little children, teenagers, and working-age adults. Electrical injuries and clinical manifestations can vary a lot and range from mild complaints not demanding serious medical help to life-threatening conditions. Lightning causes serious injuries in 1000-1500 individuals every year worldwide. The case fatality rate is about 20-30%, with as many as 74% of survivors experiencing permanent injury and sequela. The primary cause of death in victims of lightning strike or other electrical trauma is cardiac or respiratory arrest. That is why appropriate urgent help is essential. Subsequently electrical burns, deep-tissue and organ damage caused by electricity, secondary systemic disorders often demand intensive care and prompt, usually later multistage surgical treatment; therefore, prevention of electrical trauma, which would help to reduce electrical injuries in children and working-age population, is very actual. The most important is to understand the possible danger of electricity and to avoid it.
电创伤可由低电压电流（60至1000伏，通常为220或360伏）、高电压（超过1000伏）电流、闪电和电弧引起。受害者通常是儿童、青少年和工作年龄段的成年人。电损伤及其临床表现差异很大，从轻微不适到危及生命的情况不等，后者不需要严重的医疗救助。每年全球有1000 - 1500人因闪电而受到严重伤害。病死率约为20% - 30%，多达74%的幸存者会遭受永久性损伤和后遗症。雷击或其他电创伤受害者的主要死因是心脏或呼吸骤停。因此，适当的紧急救助至关重要。随后，电烧伤、电引起的深部组织和器官损伤、继发性全身紊乱通常需要重症监护以及迅速的、通常是后期的多阶段手术治疗；因此，预防电创伤有助于减少儿童和工作年龄段人群的电损伤，这一点非常迫切。最重要的是要了解电的潜在危险并避免接触。
