Blebea Judy S, Houseni Mohamed, Torigian Drew A, Fan Chengzhong, Mavi Ayse, Zhuge Ying, Iwanaga Tad, Mishra Shipra, Udupa Jay, Zhuang Jiyuan, Gopal Rohit, Alavi Abass
Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4283, USA.
Semin Nucl Med. 2007 May;37(3):185-94. doi: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2007.01.002.
A number of noninvasive imaging techniques have been used for the evaluation of bone marrow, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and bone marrow scintigraphy. The appearance of bone marrow on MRI varies considerably depending on the proportion of red and yellow marrow, and the composition of the red marrow and its distribution with relation to age and sex. The composition of bone marrow also can vary under physiological and pathological conditions. MRI is a highly sensitive technique for evaluating the bone marrow, but it is limited in its practical use for whole-body bone marrow screening. Bone marrow scintigraphy with radiolabeled compounds such as technetium-99m-labeled nanocolloid and monoclonal antibodies has the advantage of evaluating the entire bone marrow, and has been used for the diagnosis of various bone marrow disorders. In addition, (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging can be used to evaluate bone marrow metabolism and disease and to provide information about the state of the primary tumor, lymph nodes, and distant metastases. Understanding of the appearance of normal bone marrow, including age- and sex-specific differences with each of these imaging modalities, is essential to permit accurate diagnosis of benign and malignant bone marrow disorders. We present a review of MRI and scintigraphy of normal bone marrow with some emphasis on FDG-PET imaging in assessing marrow activity in normal and abnormal states and also present preliminary data regarding normal age-related changes in bone marrow through use of FDG-PET, as well as the role of segmentation of bone marrow on MRI for quantitative calculation of the metabolic volumetric product for red marrow metabolism using FDG-PET.
许多非侵入性成像技术已被用于评估骨髓，包括磁共振成像（MRI）和骨髓闪烁显像。MRI上骨髓的表现因红骨髓和黄骨髓的比例、红骨髓的组成及其与年龄和性别的分布关系而有很大差异。骨髓的组成在生理和病理条件下也会有所不同。MRI是评估骨髓的一种高度敏感的技术，但在全身骨髓筛查的实际应用中存在局限性。使用放射性标记化合物如锝-99m标记的纳米胶体和单克隆抗体进行骨髓闪烁显像具有评估整个骨髓的优势，已被用于诊断各种骨髓疾病。此外，（18）F-氟脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描（FDG-PET）成像可用于评估骨髓代谢和疾病，并提供有关原发肿瘤、淋巴结和远处转移状态的信息。了解正常骨髓的表现，包括每种成像方式的年龄和性别特异性差异，对于准确诊断良性和恶性骨髓疾病至关重要。我们对正常骨髓的MRI和闪烁显像进行综述，重点介绍FDG-PET成像在评估正常和异常状态下骨髓活性方面的应用，并展示通过使用FDG-PET获得的关于骨髓正常年龄相关变化的初步数据，以及MRI上骨髓分割在使用FDG-PET定量计算红骨髓代谢的代谢体积产物方面的作用。
