Van Teeffelen Jurgen W, Brands Judith, Stroes Erik S, Vink Hans
Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2007 Apr;17(3):101-5. doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2007.02.002.
At the time that the term glycocalyx ("sweet husk") was introduced as a description of the extracellular polysaccharide coating on cells (Bennett HS: 1963. Morphological aspects of extracellular polysaccharides. J Hist Cytochem 11:14-23.), early electron microscopic observations had shown that anionic polysaccharides were also presented by the inner surface of blood vessels but the length of these structures was considered to be small and their functional significance was unknown. Research in the past decades in the glycocalyx field has evolved, and recent estimations indicate that the endothelial glycocalyx constitutes a voluminous intravascular compartment that plays an important role in vascular wall homeostasis. Pathologic loss of glycocalyx may be associated with an impaired vascular wall protection throughout the circulatory system, whereas agonist-induced modulation of glycocalyx accessibility for circulating blood may constitute a physiologically relevant mechanism to regulate functionally perfused volume and exchange area at the microvascular level. Both aspects are discussed in the current review.
当“糖萼”（“甜壳”）一词被引入用于描述细胞外的多糖包被时（贝内特·H·S：1963年。细胞外多糖的形态学方面。《组织化学与细胞化学杂志》11：14 - 23），早期的电子显微镜观察表明血管内表面也存在阴离子多糖，但这些结构的长度被认为较短，其功能意义尚不清楚。在过去几十年里，糖萼领域的研究不断发展，最近的估计表明，内皮糖萼构成了一个庞大的血管内区间，在血管壁稳态中发挥着重要作用。糖萼的病理性丧失可能与整个循环系统中血管壁保护功能受损有关，而激动剂诱导的循环血液对糖萼可及性的调节可能构成一种生理相关机制，以调节微血管水平上的功能灌注量和交换面积。本综述将对这两个方面进行讨论。
