Barth Alfred, Winker Robert, Ponocny-Seliger Elisabeth, Sögner Leopold
Institute of Management Science, Department of Ergonomics and Organization, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.
Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2007;119(5-6):158-63. doi: 10.1007/s00508-006-0726-7.
The aim of this paper was to analyze the impact of economic growth measured by real gross domestic product (GDP) on the incidence of occupational injuries in Austria.
The relationship between GDP and the occupational injury rate of the wage-earning population between 1955 and 2004 was analyzed using an error correction model. The sample size increased from 1.568,371 persons in 1955 to 2.656,952 in 2004. Occupational injuries were divided into fatal and non-fatal injuries.
Occupational injuries (fatal and non-fatal) decreased from 8.59% to 4.08%: non-fatal injuries decreased from 8.56% to 4.07%; fatal injuries decreased from 0.03% to 0.01%. Austrian GDP increased from EUR 37.7 billion to EUR 202.8 billion (base year 1995). Statistical analysis clearly shows that a growing economy is associated with declining injury rates (fatal and non-fatal). Two mechanisms are discussed. Firstly, rising GDP is accompanied by greater investment in safer technologies and occupational safety measures. Secondly, booming economies are associated with a reduced risk of unemployment, which is already known to be a risk factor for occupational injuries.
Economic development appears to have an impact on the incidence of occupational injuries in Austria. Health policy should emphasize the necessity for safety at work particularly in phases of economic slowdown.
本文旨在分析以实际国内生产总值（GDP）衡量的经济增长对奥地利职业伤害发生率的影响。
使用误差修正模型分析了1955年至2004年间GDP与工薪阶层职业伤害率之间的关系。样本量从1955年的1568371人增加到2004年的2656952人。职业伤害分为致命伤和非致命伤。
职业伤害（致命伤和非致命伤）从8.59%降至4.08%；非致命伤从8.56%降至4.07%；致命伤从0.03%降至0.01%。奥地利的GDP从377亿欧元增至2028亿欧元（以1995年为基准年）。统计分析清楚地表明，经济增长与伤害率（致命伤和非致命伤）下降相关。讨论了两种机制。首先，GDP增长伴随着对更安全技术和职业安全措施的更多投资。其次，经济繁荣与失业风险降低相关，而失业已被确认为职业伤害的一个风险因素。
经济发展似乎对奥地利的职业伤害发生率有影响。卫生政策应强调工作场所安全的必要性，特别是在经济放缓阶段。
