Peters Frank T
Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg (Saar), Germany.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2007 Aug;388(7):1505-19. doi: 10.1007/s00216-007-1267-2. Epub 2007 Apr 12.
Knowledge of the stability of drugs in biological samples is important for the interpretation of toxicological findings. This paper reviews data on the stability of drugs in blood, plasma, or serum. Since such data have already been reviewed for classic drugs of abuse, the focus here is on newer drugs of abuse and on therapeutic drugs. Key information about the conditions of the stability experiments will be provided and the following drugs or drug classes are covered: amphetamines, amphetamine-derived, piperazine-derived, and phenethylamine-derived designer drugs, antidepressants, neuroleptics, anti-HIV drugs, antiepileptics, cardiovascular drugs, and others. In addition, aspects of stability experiments and their evaluations are discussed. The data presented show that the majority of drugs are stable in blood, plasma, or serum samples under the conditions usually encountered in a clinical or forensic toxicology laboratory. Instability usually only occurs for drugs carrying ester moieties, sulfur atoms, or other easily oxidized or reduced structures. Nevertheless, clinical or forensic specimens should always be stored at least in the refrigerator and preferably at -20 degrees C or lower to avoid any degradation. Finally, results obtained from biosamples that have been stored at room temperature for a longer time should be interpreted with great care and partial degradation should always be considered.
了解药物在生物样品中的稳定性对于毒理学研究结果的解释至关重要。本文综述了有关药物在血液、血浆或血清中稳定性的数据。由于已经对经典滥用药物的此类数据进行了综述，因此本文重点关注新型滥用药物和治疗药物。将提供稳定性实验条件的关键信息，并涵盖以下药物或药物类别：苯丙胺类、苯丙胺衍生类、哌嗪衍生类和苯乙胺衍生类设计药物、抗抑郁药、抗精神病药、抗HIV药物、抗癫痫药、心血管药物等。此外，还讨论了稳定性实验及其评估的各个方面。所呈现的数据表明，在临床或法医毒理学实验室通常遇到的条件下，大多数药物在血液、血浆或血清样品中是稳定的。不稳定性通常仅发生在带有酯基、硫原子或其他易氧化或还原结构的药物中。然而，临床或法医标本应始终至少保存在冰箱中，最好保存在-20℃或更低温度下，以避免任何降解。最后，对于在室温下长时间保存的生物样品所获得的结果应谨慎解释，并且应始终考虑部分降解的情况。
