Goldacre Michael J, Davidson Jean M, Lambert Trevor W
Department of Public Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Med Educ. 2007 Apr;41(4):349-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2929.2007.02706.x.
Recent UK policy has been to increase substantially the number of graduate entrants to medical schools. Our aim was to study whether graduate and non-graduate entrants have different long-term career preferences.
We conducted postal questionnaire surveys of medical qualifiers from all UK medical schools in 1999, 2000 and 2002, surveyed 1 year after qualification, and qualifiers of 1999 and 2000, surveyed 3 years after qualification.
By Year 3 after qualification, general practice was the choice of 33% of men graduate entrants and 21% of men non-graduates ( = 12.5, P < 0.001) and of 43% of women graduates and 38% of women non-graduates ( = 1.6, P = 0.2). Surgery was a much less popular choice for men graduate entrants than for men non-graduates; but similar percentages of women graduate and non-graduate entrants chose surgery. A lower percentage of graduate entrants than of non-graduates favoured paediatrics. Other differences between graduates and non-graduates were generally small. General practice was the preferred career for a much lower percentage of those who took an intercalated degree while at medical school, than of those who did not.
Increasing graduate entry to medical school is likely to increase the percentage of doctors who want to become general practitioners, but only modestly so. It may also lead to a decline in the percentages choosing surgery and paediatrics. Otherwise, at least on the current criteria used for selecting students, increasing graduate entry will probably not make much difference to the percentage of newly qualified doctors seeking careers in different branches of practice.
英国近期政策大幅增加医学院校研究生入学人数。我们的目的是研究研究生和非研究生入学的学生在长期职业偏好上是否存在差异。
我们对1999年、2000年和2002年英国所有医学院校的医学合格者进行了邮寄问卷调查，在资格认证后1年进行调查，对1999年和2000年的合格者在资格认证后3年进行调查。
在资格认证后第3年，普通科是33%的男性研究生入学学生和21%的男性非研究生入学学生的选择（χ² = 12.5，P < 0.001），是43%的女性研究生入学学生和38%的女性非研究生入学学生的选择（χ² = 1.6，P = 0.2）。外科手术对于男性研究生入学学生来说比男性非研究生入学学生的选择要少得多；但女性研究生和非研究生入学学生选择外科手术的比例相似。研究生入学学生中选择儿科的比例低于非研究生入学学生。研究生和非研究生之间的其他差异一般较小。在医学院学习期间获得插读学位的学生中，选择普通科作为首选职业的比例远低于未获得插读学位的学生。
增加医学院校研究生入学人数可能会增加想成为全科医生的医生比例，但增幅不大。这也可能导致选择外科手术和儿科的比例下降。否则，至少按照目前用于选拔学生的标准，增加研究生入学人数可能不会对新获得资格的医生在不同执业分支寻求职业的比例产生太大影响。
