瑞士医学专业一年级学生在不同医学教育轨道间的医学学科吸引力：横断面研究。

Attractiveness of medical disciplines amongst Swiss first-year medical students allocated to different medical education tracks: cross-sectional study.

机构信息

Institute of Primary Care, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Tertianum Management CH, Dübendorf, Switzerland.

出版信息

BMC Med Educ. 2022 Apr 7;22(1):252. doi: 10.1186/s12909-022-03313-x.

DOI:10.1186/s12909-022-03313-x

PMID:35392880

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8986963/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

As most countries, Switzerland is experiencing a shortage of physicians especially in general practice and new medical education tracks with respective focusses have been started in response. This study investigated Swiss medical students' career openness and attractiveness of different medical disciplines as well as the concordance of students' career intentions with assigned medical education tracks.

METHODS

Cross-sectional study surveying first year medical students assigned to four different Swiss medical education tracks with distinctive additional education focuses (ETH Zurich: medical technology and engineering, University of St. Gallen and University of Lucerne: primary healthcare and University of Zurich: no distinctive focus).

RESULTS

We surveyed 354 medical students (response rate across all included medical education tracks 71.1%), 64.8% female, mean age 20 years. Regarding career openness, we found that 52.8% of medical students had neither a strong commitment nor a strong reservation for any of the proposed career options and 17.0% had a strong commitment. Among medical disciplines, medical subspecialties were attractive to the largest part of students (inpatient subspecialties attractive for 71%, outpatient for 58%), attractiveness of general practice was moderate (30%), academic (22%) and industrial sector (17%) careers were least attractive. Proportions of medical students attracted to general practice were similar at medical education tracks with focus on primary healthcare compared to other medical education tracks (32.2% vs. 25.8%, p = 0.391). Conversely, proportions of medical students attracted to academic or industry careers were significantly higher at the ETH Zurich compared to other medical education tracks (37.2%, vs. 13.1%, p < 0.001 and 31.9%, vs. 8.8%, p < 0.001 respectively).

CONCLUSION

While most first-year medical students were open to careers in many medical disciplines, attractiveness of disciplines varied strongly. Students attracted to academic or industrial careers accumulated at the medical education track with concordant teaching focus but students attracted to general practice did not accumulate at medical education tracks focused on primary healthcare. For medical education tracks with primary care teaching focus this is both a challenge and an opportunity to specifically counteract the shortage of general practitioners in Switzerland.

摘要

背景

与大多数国家一样，瑞士也面临着医生短缺的问题，尤其是在全科医学领域。为了解决这一问题，瑞士已开设了新的医学教育专业，以满足不同的医学领域需求。本研究旨在调查瑞士医学生的职业开放性以及不同医学专业的吸引力，并探讨学生的职业意向与所分配的医学教育专业之间的一致性。

方法

本研究采用横断面调查的方法，对四个不同的瑞士医学教育专业（苏黎世联邦理工学院：医学技术与工程；圣加仑大学和卢塞恩大学：初级保健；苏黎世大学：无特色专业）的一年级医学生进行了调查。

结果

我们共调查了 354 名医学生（涵盖所有医学教育专业的应答率为 71.1%），其中 64.8%为女性，平均年龄为 20 岁。在职业开放性方面，我们发现 52.8%的医学生对所提出的职业选择既没有强烈的承诺，也没有强烈的保留意见，17.0%的医学生则有强烈的承诺。在医学专业中，医学专科最吸引大部分学生（住院专科对 71%的学生有吸引力，门诊对 58%的学生有吸引力），普通科的吸引力中等（30%），学术科（22%）和工业科（17%）的吸引力最低。与其他医学教育专业相比，专注于初级保健的医学教育专业吸引的医学生比例相似（32.2%与 25.8%，p=0.391）。相反，与其他医学教育专业相比，苏黎世联邦理工学院吸引的医学生对学术或工业职业的比例明显更高（37.2%与 13.1%，p<0.001和 31.9%与 8.8%，p<0.001）。

结论

尽管大多数一年级医学生对许多医学专业的职业都持开放态度，但各专业的吸引力差异很大。倾向于学术或工业职业的学生在与教学重点一致的医学教育专业中积累，但倾向于普通科的学生并没有在以初级保健为重点的医学教育专业中积累。对于以初级保健教学为重点的医学教育专业来说，这既是一个挑战，也是一个机会，可以有针对性地解决瑞士普通医生短缺的问题。