Carmena D, Benito A, Eraso E
Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain.
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2007 May;13(5):460-75. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01665.x.
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a severe zoonotic disease caused by the metacestode stage of Echinococcus multilocularis. The infection can have fatal consequences in humans if treatment is not provided, so early diagnosis is fundamental for initiating treatment and reducing morbidity and mortality. In addition, detection of the parasite in the definitive host plays a central role in epidemiological studies and surveillance programmes for control of AE. This review presents an overview of the present situation regarding the immunodiagnosis of E. multilocularis infection. Special attention is given to the description of the native, partially purified and recombinant antigens available currently for immunodiagnostic purposes. Recent advances in the primary serodiagnosis and follow-up of AE patients are highlighted, including the detection of specific cytokine profiles. Progress in the immunodiagnosis of intestinal E. multilocularis infection in definitive hosts, particularly the detection of excretory-secretory and integument products of the worm in faeces (copro-antigens) by ELISA, is also discussed.
肺泡型包虫病（AE）是由多房棘球绦虫的中绦期引起的一种严重的人畜共患病。如果不进行治疗，该感染在人类中可能会导致致命后果，因此早期诊断对于启动治疗以及降低发病率和死亡率至关重要。此外，在终末宿主中检测寄生虫在AE的流行病学研究和控制监测计划中起着核心作用。本综述概述了多房棘球绦虫感染免疫诊断的现状。特别关注了目前可用于免疫诊断目的的天然、部分纯化和重组抗原的描述。重点介绍了AE患者初次血清学诊断和随访的最新进展，包括特定细胞因子谱的检测。还讨论了终末宿主肠道多房棘球绦虫感染免疫诊断的进展，特别是通过ELISA检测粪便中蠕虫的排泄分泌产物和体表产物（粪便抗原）。
