Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 4431 Albemarle Street NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2007 May;9(3):208-17. doi: 10.1007/s11908-007-0033-0.
Anaerobes are common pathogens in chronic upper respiratory tract and head and neck infections. They can be recovered in chronic otitis media and sinusitis, play a role in tonsillitis, and predominate in complications of these infections, causing deep oral and neck infections and abscesses. In addition to their direct pathogenicity, they play an indirect role through the production of the enzyme beta-lactamase, "shielding" non-beta-lactamase-producing bacteria from penicillins. Failure to provide adequate therapy against anaerobes may lead to clinical failures. Management of anaerobic infection is complicated by the slow growth of these organisms, by their polymicrobial nature, and by their growing resistance to antimicrobials. Antimicrobials are often the only form of therapy needed, but surgical approach is needed in some cases. Because anaerobes often are mixed with aerobic organisms, the antimicrobials given should provide adequate coverage against all pathogens.
厌氧菌是慢性上呼吸道和头颈部感染的常见病原体。它们可在慢性中耳炎和鼻窦炎中被检出，在扁桃体炎中发挥作用，并在这些感染的并发症中占主导地位，导致深部口腔和颈部感染和脓肿。除了它们的直接致病性之外，它们还通过产生β-内酰胺酶发挥间接作用，“保护”非β-内酰胺酶产生的细菌免受青霉素的影响。未能针对厌氧菌提供足够的治疗可能导致临床失败。这些生物体生长缓慢、多种微生物性质以及对抗生素的耐药性不断增加，使得厌氧菌感染的管理变得复杂。抗生素通常是唯一需要的治疗形式，但在某些情况下需要手术方法。由于厌氧菌通常与需氧菌混合存在，因此给予的抗生素应该能够充分覆盖所有病原体。
