Toms Leisa-Maree L, Harden Fiona A, Symons Robert K, Burniston Debbie, Fürst Peter, Müller Jochen F
National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (EnTox), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Chemosphere. 2007 Jun;68(5):797-803. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.02.059. Epub 2007 Apr 12.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardants added to a multitude of products to reduce flammability. PBDEs have been widely detected and quantified in biota and humans in many industrialised countries from the Northern Hemisphere. However data concerning the levels of these compounds in the Australian population and environment remain limited. The objectives of this study were to determine PBDE concentrations and congener profiles in Australian human milk and compare this to concentrations found in other countries. Pooled human milk samples obtained from mothers residing in 12 regions of Australia were analysed by HRGC/HRMS for 18 PBDE congeners. In total, 157 human milk samples collected in 2002 and 2003 were divided into 17 regional pools. PBDEs were detected in all pools of human milk from Australia. The mean+/-standard deviation and median summation operatorPBDE concentrations were 11.1+/-3.2 and 11.0 ng g(-1) lipid, respectively with a range of 6.1-18.7 ng g(-1) lipid. The congener profile was dominated by BDE-47 followed by BDE-99, -100, -153, -154 and -183. Regional differences were evaluated, but no trends were observed. The data suggest regional differences are likely to be small if they exist at all. The concentrations of PBDEs found in Australian human milk were lower than those reported from North America but higher than those reported from Europe and Asia. Our results suggest that the exposure pathways which contribute to the PBDE body burden in the Australian population require a better understanding in order to determine future policy regarding their use and disposal.
多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）是添加到众多产品中以降低可燃性的阻燃剂。在北半球的许多工业化国家，生物群和人体中已广泛检测和定量了多溴二苯醚。然而，关于这些化合物在澳大利亚人口和环境中的含量数据仍然有限。本研究的目的是确定澳大利亚人乳中多溴二苯醚的浓度和同系物谱，并将其与其他国家发现的浓度进行比较。通过高分辨率气相色谱/高分辨率质谱法分析了从居住在澳大利亚12个地区的母亲那里获得的混合人乳样本中的18种多溴二苯醚同系物。总共，2002年和2003年收集的157份人乳样本被分成17个地区样本组。在澳大利亚所有的人乳样本组中都检测到了多溴二苯醚。平均±标准差和中位数总和运算多溴二苯醚浓度分别为11.1±3.2和11.0 ng g⁻¹脂质，范围为6.1 - 18.7 ng g⁻¹脂质。同系物谱以BDE - 47为主，其次是BDE - 99、- 100、- 153、- 154和- 183。评估了地区差异，但未观察到趋势。数据表明，如果存在地区差异，可能也很小。在澳大利亚人乳中发现的多溴二苯醚浓度低于北美报告的浓度，但高于欧洲和亚洲报告的浓度。我们的结果表明，为了确定未来关于其使用和处置的政策，需要更好地了解导致澳大利亚人群多溴二苯醚身体负担增加的接触途径。
