Kolar Lucija, Kozuh Erzen Nevenka, Hogerwerf Lenny, van Gestel Cornelis A M
Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology and Ecotoxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Environ Pollut. 2008 Jan;151(1):182-9. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.02.011. Epub 2007 Apr 16.
This study aimed at determining the toxicity of avermectins to soil invertebrates in soil and in faeces from recently treated sheep. Abamectin was more toxic than doramectin. In soil, earthworms (Eisenia andrei) were most affected with LC50s of 18 and 228 mg/kg dry soil, respectively, while LC50s were 67-111 and >300 mg/kg for springtails (Folsomia candida), isopods (Porcellio scaber) and enchytraeids (Enchytraeus crypticus). EC50s for the effect on reproduction of springtails and enchytraeids were 13 and 38 mg/kg, respectively for abamectin, and 42 and 170 mg/kg for doramectin. For earthworms, NOEC was 10 and 8.4 mg/kg for abamectin and doramectin effects on body weight. When exposed in faeces, springtails and enchytraeids gave LC50s and EC50s of 1.0-1.4 and 0.94-1.1 mg/kg dry faeces for abamectin and 2.2->2.4 mg/kg for doramectin. Earthworm reproduction was not affected. This study indicates a potential risk of avermectins for soil invertebrates colonizing faeces from recently treated sheep.
本研究旨在确定阿维菌素对土壤中以及近期接受治疗的绵羊粪便中的土壤无脊椎动物的毒性。阿维菌素比多拉菌素毒性更强。在土壤中，蚯蚓（安德爱胜蚓）受影响最大，干土中的半数致死浓度（LC50）分别为18和228毫克/千克，而对于跳虫（白色符氏虫）、等足类动物（普通卷甲虫）和线蚓（隐秘线蚓），LC50分别为67 - 111毫克/千克和大于300毫克/千克。阿维菌素对跳虫和线蚓繁殖的半数效应浓度（EC50）分别为13和38毫克/千克，多拉菌素则为42和170毫克/千克。对于蚯蚓，阿维菌素和多拉菌素对体重影响的无可见效应浓度（NOEC）分别为10和8.4毫克/千克。当暴露于粪便中时，阿维菌素对跳虫和线蚓的LC50和EC50为1.0 - 1.4和0.94 - 1.1毫克/千克干粪便，多拉菌素则为2.2 -> 2.4毫克/千克。蚯蚓繁殖未受影响。本研究表明阿维菌素对定殖于近期接受治疗的绵羊粪便中的土壤无脊椎动物存在潜在风险。
