Coleman Hanna, Chew Emily
Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2007 May;18(3):220-3. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0b013e32814a586b.
This review assesses the current status of the knowledge of the role of nutrition in age-related macular degeneration - a leading cause of vision loss in the persons with European ancestry.
We will evaluate the different nutritional factors and both observational and interventional studies used to assess the association of nutrition with age-related macular degeneration. Persons with intermediate risk of age-related macular degeneration or advanced age-related macular degeneration in one eye are recommended to take the formulation proven in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) to be successful in preventing the development of advanced age-related macular degeneration by 25%. The formulation consists of vitamins C, E, beta-carotene and zinc. In addition, observational data suggest that high dietary intake of macular xanthophylls lutein and zeaxanthin are associated with a lower risk of advanced age-related macular degeneration. Similarly, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from fish consumption are also associated with a decreased risk of advanced age-related macular degeneration.
Persons with intermediate age-related macular degeneration or advanced age-related macular degeneration (neovascular or central geographic atrophy) in one eye should consider taking the AREDS-type supplements. Further evaluation of nutritional factors, specifically, lutein/zeaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids will be tested in a multicenter controlled, randomized trial - the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2).
本综述评估营养在年龄相关性黄斑变性（欧洲血统人群视力丧失的主要原因）中作用的知识现状。
我们将评估不同的营养因素以及用于评估营养与年龄相关性黄斑变性关联的观察性和干预性研究。对于年龄相关性黄斑变性中度风险患者或单眼患有晚期年龄相关性黄斑变性的患者，建议服用在年龄相关性眼病研究（AREDS）中已证实成功预防25%晚期年龄相关性黄斑变性进展的配方制剂。该配方制剂包含维生素C、维生素E、β-胡萝卜素和锌。此外，观察性数据表明，饮食中高摄入黄斑色素叶黄素和玉米黄质与晚期年龄相关性黄斑变性风险较低相关。同样，通过食用鱼类摄入的长链多不饱和脂肪酸也与晚期年龄相关性黄斑变性风险降低相关。
单眼中度年龄相关性黄斑变性或晚期年龄相关性黄斑变性（新生血管性或中心性地图样萎缩）患者应考虑服用AREDS类补充剂。营养因素，特别是叶黄素/玉米黄质和ω-3脂肪酸的进一步评估将在一项多中心对照随机试验——年龄相关性眼病研究2（AREDS2）中进行测试。
