Ushakov A V
Med Parazitol (Mosk). 2007 Jan-Mar(1):3-8.
In the context of the present-day teaching of parasitocenoses and the proposition that the pathogen's population is the only compulsory and specific component of a natural focus, the author discloses the ecological bases of the combination of natural foci of opisthorchiasis and methorchiasis (M. bilis), methorchiasis (M. bilis) and methorchiasis (M. xanthosomus). These foci are host population-combined. While analyzing the combination of foci, it is expedient to consider them in pairs since this provides a way of identifying only the combination bases that are unique to these foci. The parasitic systems of flukes, the parasitocenoses of co-acting parasitic systems of "twin types", the structure of foci, the species-specific composition of ecosystems, and the ecological relations of the Opisthorchis fluke hosts act as the biotic bases of a combination of foci of Trematoda infections. By coinciding, the multihost hemipopulations of parasites and the susceptibility of host populations predetermine the combination of Opisthorchis fluke foci. The susceptibility of hosts, the multihost pattern of Opisthorchis flukes, the identity of parasitic systems, and the common mechanism of pathogen transmission act as the epizootic bases of a combination of invasion foci. The morphological structure and hydrological regime of a landscape act as the abiotic bases of a combination of foci. The hydrological regime is by its nature a universal mechanism of pathogen transmission. The foci of Opisthorchis flukes at the level of parasitocenosis of metacercarium populations and fish populations in the Konda River ecosystem are combined in the age groups of only carp (Cyprinidae) underyearlings and yearlings. The abiotic, biotic, and epizootic bases of a combination of natural foci of Opisthorchis flukes are, in the aggregate, the ecological bases of a combination of foci.
在当今寄生虫群落教学以及认为病原体种群是自然疫源地唯一强制性和特定组成部分这一观点的背景下，作者揭示了后睾吸虫病与胆后睾吸虫病（M. bilis）、胆后睾吸虫病（M. bilis）与黄后睾吸虫病（M. xanthosomus）自然疫源地组合的生态基础。这些疫源地是宿主种群组合而成的。在分析疫源地组合时，成对考虑它们是适宜的，因为这提供了一种仅识别这些疫源地特有的组合基础的方法。吸虫的寄生系统、“孪生类型”共同作用的寄生系统的寄生虫群落、疫源地结构、生态系统的物种特异性组成以及后睾吸虫宿主的生态关系，构成了吸虫感染疫源地组合的生物基础。寄生虫的多宿主半种群与宿主种群的易感性相互契合，预先决定了后睾吸虫疫源地的组合。宿主的易感性、后睾吸虫的多宿主模式、寄生系统的一致性以及病原体传播的共同机制，构成了侵袭疫源地组合的 epizootic 基础。景观的形态结构和水文状况构成了疫源地组合的非生物基础。水文状况本质上是病原体传播的普遍机制。在孔达河生态系统中，后睾吸虫疫源地在尾蚴种群和鱼类种群的寄生虫群落层面上，仅在鲤鱼（鲤科）一岁以下幼鱼和一岁鱼的年龄组中组合在一起。后睾吸虫自然疫源地组合的非生物、生物和 epizootic 基础总体上就是疫源地组合的生态基础。 （注：“epizootic”这个词在上下文中可能是特定专业术语，这里保留英文未翻译，因为不太明确其准确的中文对应词，需结合更专业的医学寄生虫学知识来准确翻译。）
