Ushakov A V
Med Parazitol (Mosk). 2009 Oct-Dec(4):3-9.
Current approaches to studying the problem of a combination of natural foci of diseases are analyzed. It is noted that the essence of a combination of natural foci of infection is understood as the simultaneous existence of two foci or more on the given territory or as infection of individuals of hosts (vectors) with two species (or more) of causative agents. It is pointed out that the combination of foci of diseases from the biocenological standpoints is considered in none of the papers. The author states that all investigators analyze the problem in the context of parasitology that is a section of autecology rather than in the context of biocenology considering the interaction of populations. No conception of the combination of natural foci of diseases and an appropriate approach to studying the problem is a main neglect in the consideration of their combination till recently. Fundamental provisions of biocenology, population ecology, ecological parasitology, the teaching of parasitocenoses and the concept of the landscape morphological structure must serve as a basis for the methodology of studying the combination of the foci. The author considers the combination to be an interaction of the foci of diseases on the bases that presuppose the presence of environmental conditions predetermining the formation of abiotic and biotic bases of the combination of the foci. These include the morphological structure and hydrological conditions of a landscape, species-specific composition of biocenotic ecosystems, the populations of hosts (vectors) of causative agents, and their biocenotic ties. The continuity of the biotic and abiotic bases of the combination of the natural foci ofdiseases is stated.
分析了当前研究疾病自然疫源地组合问题的方法。指出感染性自然疫源地组合的本质被理解为在给定区域同时存在两个或更多疫源地，或者宿主（媒介）个体被两种或更多种病原体感染。指出从生物群落学角度考虑疾病疫源地组合的论文尚未见报道。作者指出，所有研究者都是在寄生虫学（个体生态学的一个分支）的背景下分析该问题，而非在考虑种群相互作用的生物群落学背景下进行分析。直到最近，在考虑疾病自然疫源地组合时，没有关于其组合的概念以及研究该问题的适当方法是主要的疏忽。生物群落学、种群生态学、生态寄生虫学、寄生群落学的学说以及景观形态结构的概念的基本原理必须作为研究疫源地组合方法的基础。作者认为这种组合是疾病疫源地之间的相互作用，其基础是存在决定疫源地组合的非生物和生物基础形成的环境条件。这些条件包括景观的形态结构和水文条件、生物群落生态系统的物种特定组成、病原体宿主（媒介）的种群及其生物群落联系。阐述了疾病自然疫源地组合的生物和非生物基础的连续性。
