Ushakov A V
Med Parazitol (Mosk). 2011 Jul-Sep(3):15-20.
The basis of the mechanism responsible for the formation of a combination of the natural foci of trematodiases and tularemia in the infection foci in the interepizootic periods is their association with the morphological structure of the floodplain-river landscape of the Konda River. The landscape's facias and holes, which are common to the foci, are integrated, by predetermining the territorial combination. The formation of a closed trinomial Francisella tularensis parasite system integrating these foci serves as a basis for the mechanism of the formation of a combination of the natural foci of trematodiases and tularemia on transition of the latter from the interepizootic state to epizooty. The absence of host populations linking the foci of methorchiasis (M. xanthosomus), bilharziasis, and tularemia determines their combination both in the interepizootic periods and at the level of the landscape morphological structure. The basis for the mechanism of the formation of a combination of the natural foci of trematodiases and tularemia in the periods of diffuse epizooties in the infection foci is the formation of an open binomial F. tularensis parasite system and the infestation of the co-members of F. tularensis trematode parasite systems. By penetrating into them, the pathogen forces the F. tularensis parasite system to enter the trematode parasite systems, causing their complete (opisthorchiases, methorchiases) or partial (bilharziasis) coincidence. Thus, these foci are combined at the level of parasitocenoses of the parasite systems of infections and infestations, by giving rise to pseudosystem combined foci. The natural foci of B. polonica and F. tularensis are combined at the level of parasitocenosis of the coacting hemipopulation of trematode parthenitas, F. tularensis subpopulations and intermediate host population, by forming an autoecious population-combination bilharziasis-tularemia focus. The formation of territorial-combination, autoecious population-combination, and pseudosystem-combination foci of trematodiases and tularemia in different periods of the epizootic activity of an infection focus is determined by the functional organization of the parasite system of a tularemia focus and the biocenotic (functional) structure of natural foci of infestations.
在动物间流行期，感染灶内吸虫病和土拉菌病自然疫源地形成组合的机制基础是它们与孔达河漫滩-河流景观的形态结构相关联。疫源地共有的景观地貌和洞穴，通过预先确定地域组合而整合在一起。一个整合这些疫源地的封闭三项式土拉弗朗西斯菌寄生虫系统的形成，是吸虫病和土拉菌病自然疫源地在后者从动物间流行状态转变为动物流行病时形成组合机制的基础。连接后睾吸虫病（黄睾吸虫）、血吸虫病和土拉菌病疫源地的宿主种群缺失，决定了它们在动物间流行期以及景观形态结构层面的组合。在感染灶的弥漫性动物流行病时期，吸虫病和土拉菌病自然疫源地形成组合的机制基础是开放二项式土拉弗朗西斯菌寄生虫系统的形成以及土拉弗朗西斯菌吸虫寄生虫系统共同成员的感染。病原体通过侵入这些系统，迫使土拉弗朗西斯菌寄生虫系统进入吸虫寄生虫系统，导致它们完全（后睾吸虫病、后睾吸虫感染）或部分（血吸虫病）重合。因此，这些疫源地在感染和侵袭寄生虫系统的寄生群落层面上组合在一起，形成假系统组合疫源地。波兰布氏菌和土拉弗朗西斯菌的自然疫源地通过形成雌雄同体种群组合的血吸虫病-土拉菌病疫源地，在吸虫单性生殖、土拉弗朗西斯菌亚种群和中间宿主种群的共同作用半种群的寄生群落层面上组合在一起。在感染灶动物流行病活动的不同时期，吸虫病和土拉菌病的地域组合、雌雄同体种群组合和假系统组合疫源地的形成，取决于土拉菌病疫源地寄生虫系统的功能组织以及侵袭性自然疫源地的生物群落（功能）结构。
