Eccles Ron
Common Cold Centre, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3US, UK.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2007 May;7(2):100-4. doi: 10.1007/s11882-007-0006-2.
The placebo is much more than a control medicine in a clinical trial. The placebo response is the largest component of any allergy treatment and consists of two components: nonspecific effects (eg, natural recovery) and a "true placebo effect" that is the psychological therapeutic effect of the treatment. Belief in the beneficial nature of the treatment is a key component of the true placebo effect, and can be enhanced by factors such as interaction with the physician and the sensory impact of the treatment. Negative beliefs can generate a nocebo effect that may explain some psychogenic illnesses; this is the basis of much research in psychoneuroimmunology. An understanding of the placebo and nocebo effects is important for general allergy practice, and harnessing the power of the true placebo effect is a major challenge to modern medicine.
在临床试验中，安慰剂远不止是一种对照药物。安慰剂反应是任何过敏治疗中最大的组成部分，它由两个部分组成：非特异性效应（如自然康复）和“真正的安慰剂效应”，即治疗的心理治疗效果。对治疗有益性质的信念是真正安慰剂效应的关键组成部分，并且可以通过与医生的互动和治疗的感官影响等因素得到增强。消极信念会产生反安慰剂效应，这可能解释一些心因性疾病；这是心理神经免疫学许多研究的基础。了解安慰剂和反安慰剂效应对于一般过敏治疗实践很重要，而利用真正安慰剂效应的力量是现代医学面临的一项重大挑战。
