Tzortzaki Eleni G, Lambiri Irini, Vlachaki Eleni, Siafakas Nikolaos M
Department of Thoracic Medicine, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
Curr Med Chem. 2007;14(9):1037-48. doi: 10.2174/092986707780362943.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is characterized by an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles and gases, caused primarily by cigarette smoking. Although COPD affects the lung, it also produces significant systemic consequences. Inflammation, proteases-antiproteases imbalance, oxidative stress, tissue damage and tissue repair, apoptosis and several genes seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. The cellular and molecular events underlying COPD pathogenesis are driven by multifunctional molecules including enzymes, cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, lipid mediators and their respective receptors. A large number of biomarkers evaluated in COPD, showed a high degree of redundancy. Nevertheless, current understanding of the pathobiology of COPD suggests a number of biomarkers as potential candidates. The development of relevant markers of lung damage, pulmonary inflammation, and systemic disease will be essential to our further understanding of the natural history of COPD and the discovery of new, effective treatments for its progression. This review summarizes recent findings, on potential pulmonary biomarkers in the induced sputum, the exhaled air condensate, the peripheral blood, the urine, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and in selective cases, in bronchial biopsies.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病的特征是肺部对有害颗粒和气体产生异常炎症反应，主要由吸烟引起。虽然慢性阻塞性肺疾病影响肺部，但它也会产生重大的全身后果。炎症、蛋白酶-抗蛋白酶失衡、氧化应激、组织损伤与修复、细胞凋亡以及一些基因似乎都参与了该疾病的发病机制。慢性阻塞性肺疾病发病机制背后的细胞和分子事件由包括酶、细胞因子、趋化因子、生长因子、脂质介质及其各自受体在内的多功能分子驱动。在慢性阻塞性肺疾病中评估的大量生物标志物显示出高度的冗余性。然而，目前对慢性阻塞性肺疾病病理生物学的理解提示了一些生物标志物作为潜在候选物。肺损伤、肺部炎症和全身性疾病相关标志物的开发对于我们进一步了解慢性阻塞性肺疾病的自然史以及发现针对其进展的新的有效治疗方法至关重要。本综述总结了关于诱导痰、呼出气冷凝物、外周血、尿液、支气管肺泡灌洗液以及在某些选择性病例中支气管活检组织中潜在肺部生物标志物的最新研究结果。
