Moons Wesley G, Mackie Diane M
Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2007 May;33(5):706-20. doi: 10.1177/0146167206298566. Epub 2007 Apr 17.
Because angry people apparently rely on heuristic cues when making judgments, anger has been claimed to trigger superficial, nonanalytic information processing. In three studies, the authors found that induced anger promoted analytic processing. Experiment 1 showed that angry participants were more likely to discriminate between weak and strong arguments than participants in neutral moods. Experiment 2 demonstrated that anger overrode dispositional preferences not to process, causing even those low in need for cognition to process analytically. Experiment 3 reconciled these findings with previous work by showing that angry people used accessible, valid, and relevant heuristics but otherwise processed analytically, as indicated by attitude change and elaboration data. Together, these experiments showed that angry people can have both the capacity and motivation to process and that their selective use of heuristics reflects the cue's perceived validity and not the failure to process analytically.
由于愤怒的人在做判断时显然依赖启发式线索，因此有人认为愤怒会引发表面的、非分析性的信息处理。在三项研究中，作者发现诱发的愤怒会促进分析性处理。实验1表明，愤怒的参与者比处于中性情绪的参与者更有可能区分有力和无力的论据。实验2证明，愤怒克服了不进行处理的性格偏好，甚至使那些认知需求较低的人也进行分析性处理。实验3通过表明愤怒的人使用了容易获得、有效且相关的启发式方法，但在态度改变和详述数据表明的其他方面进行分析性处理，从而使这些发现与之前的研究结果相协调。这些实验共同表明，愤怒的人既有处理的能力也有动机，而且他们对启发式方法的选择性使用反映了线索的感知有效性，而不是无法进行分析性处理。
