Caudill Barry D, Luckey Bill, Crosse Scott B, Blane Howard T, Ginexi Elizabeth M, Campbell Bernadette
Center for Studies on Alcohol, Westat, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2007 May;68(3):399-409. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2007.68.399.
The potential effectiveness of two group-administered social-skills training interventions for reducing high-risk drinking behavior was evaluated through a prospective randomized intervention trial with 3,406 members of a national college fraternity.
Ninety eight of 99 chapters of a national fraternity were randomly assigned, within three strata, to receive (1) a 3-hour baseline intervention, (2) the same baseline intervention plus two booster sessions, or (3) assessments only. The current article emphasizes a rigorous intent-to-treat analysis model that compares outcomes among members assigned to receive study interventions (vs assessment-only sites) regardless of whether they actually did receive them; it also includes individuals at intervention sites even if they did not participate. This model allows us to address a social policy issue regarding the effect that introducing such an intervention may have in changing the high-risk normative drinking environment of the fraternity itself.
Frequent heavy drinkers (64.2% of members) assigned to either intervention showed significant reductions at a 6-month follow-up in their frequency of drinking, heavy drinking, and drinking to intoxication; plus, they reported consuming fewer drinks overall. At 12 and 18 months postbaseline, these positive outcomes had largely dissipated. Additionally, there was an increase in drinking among lower-risk members 18 months postbaseline, which may be the result of factors other than differential attrition.
Findings suggest that introducing such a brief intervention can effectively reduce risky drinking behavior on a short-term basis in high-risk members of a national fraternity. Future studies may wish to focus on strategies for sustaining positive outcomes for longer, plus would benefit, in general, from learning more about mechanisms of change.
通过一项针对全国性大学兄弟会3406名成员的前瞻性随机干预试验，评估两种团体实施的社交技能培训干预措施在减少高危饮酒行为方面的潜在效果。
一个全国性兄弟会的99个分会中的98个被随机分配到三个层次中，分别接受（1）3小时的基线干预，（2）相同的基线干预加上两次强化课程，或（3）仅进行评估。本文强调一种严格的意向性分析模型，该模型比较分配接受研究干预的成员（与仅进行评估的地点相比）的结果，无论他们是否实际接受了干预；它还包括干预地点的个体，即使他们没有参与。这种模型使我们能够解决一个社会政策问题，即引入这种干预措施可能对改变兄弟会本身的高危规范饮酒环境产生的影响。
被分配到任何一种干预措施的频繁重度饮酒者（占成员的64.2%）在6个月的随访中，饮酒频率、重度饮酒频率和醉酒饮酒频率均显著降低；此外，他们报告总体饮酒量减少。在基线后12个月和18个月，这些积极结果基本消失。此外，在基线后18个月，低风险成员的饮酒量有所增加，这可能是除差异损耗之外的其他因素导致的。
研究结果表明，引入这种简短干预措施可以在短期内有效减少全国性兄弟会高危成员的危险饮酒行为。未来的研究可能希望关注维持积极结果更长时间的策略，并且总体上，从更多地了解变化机制中受益。
