Kosman Evsey, Leonard Kurt J
Institute for Cereal Crops Improvement (ICCI), The George S. Wise Faculty for Life Sciences Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.
New Phytol. 2007;174(3):683-696. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02031.x.
Measures of diversity within populations, and distance between populations, are compared for organisms with an asexual or mixed mode of reproduction. Examples are drawn from studies of plant pathogenic fungi based on binary traits including presence/absence of DNA bands or virulence/avirulence to differential hosts. Commonly used measures of population diversity or genetic distance consider either genotype frequencies or allele frequencies. Kosman's diversity and distance measures are the most suitable for populations with an asexual or mixed mode of reproduction, because by considering genetic patterns of all individuals they take into account not just the genotype frequencies but also the genetic similarities between genotypes in the populations. The Kosman distance and diversity measures for populations can be calculated using different measures of dissimilarity between individuals (the simple mismatch, Jaccard and Dice coefficients of dissimilarity). Kosman's distances based on the simple mismatch and Jaccard dissimilarities are metrics. Comparisons of diversity indices for hypothetical examples as well as for actual data sets are presented to demonstrate that inferences from diversity analysis of populations can be driven by techniques of diversity and distance assessments and not only data driven.
针对具有无性繁殖或混合繁殖模式的生物体，比较了种群内部的多样性度量以及种群之间的距离。实例取自基于二元性状的植物病原真菌研究，这些二元性状包括DNA条带的有无或对鉴别寄主的毒性/无毒性。常用的种群多样性或遗传距离度量要么考虑基因型频率，要么考虑等位基因频率。科斯曼的多样性和距离度量最适合具有无性繁殖或混合繁殖模式的种群，因为通过考虑所有个体的遗传模式，它们不仅考虑了基因型频率，还考虑了种群中基因型之间的遗传相似性。种群的科斯曼距离和多样性度量可以使用个体间不同的不相似性度量（简单错配、杰卡德不相似系数和迪西不相似系数）来计算。基于简单错配和杰卡德不相似性的科斯曼距离是度量标准。给出了假设示例以及实际数据集的多样性指数比较，以证明种群多样性分析的推断可能由多样性和距离评估技术驱动，而不仅仅是由数据驱动。
