Poreisz Csaba, Boros Klára, Antal Andrea, Paulus Walter
Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg-August University, Robert Koch Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
Brain Res Bull. 2007 May 30;72(4-6):208-14. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.01.004. Epub 2007 Jan 24.
Cortical excitability changes induced by tDCS and revealed by TMS, are increasingly being used as an index of neuronal plasticity in the human cortex. The aim of this paper is to summarize the partially adverse effects of 567 tDCS sessions over motor and non-motor cortical areas (occipital, temporal, parietal) from the last 2 years, on work performed in our laboratories. One-hundred and two of our subjects who participated in our tDCS studies completed a questionnaire. The questionnaire contained rating scales regarding the presence and severity of headache, difficulties in concentrating, acute mood changes, visual perceptual changes and any discomforting sensation like pain, tingling, itching or burning under the electrodes, during and after tDCS. Participants were healthy subjects (75.5%), migraine patients (8.8%), post-stroke patients (5.9%) and tinnitus patients (9.8%). During tDCS a mild tingling sensation was the most common reported adverse effect (70.6%), moderate fatigue was felt by 35.3% of the subjects, whereas a light itching sensation under the stimulation electrodes occurred in 30.4% of cases. After tDCS headache (11.8%), nausea (2.9%) and insomnia (0.98%) were reported, but fairly infrequently. In addition, the incidence of the itching sensation (p=0.02) and the intensity of tingling sensation (p=0.02) were significantly higher during tDCS in the group of the healthy subjects, in comparison to patients; whereas the occurrence of headache was significantly higher in the patient group (p=0.03) after the stimulation. Our results suggest that tDCS applied to motor and non-motor areas according to the present tDCS safety guidelines, is associated with relatively minor adverse effects in healthy humans and patients with varying neurological disorders.
经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）所诱发并由经颅磁刺激（TMS）揭示的皮质兴奋性变化，正越来越多地被用作人类皮质神经元可塑性的指标。本文旨在总结过去两年里，在我们实验室进行的567次经颅直流电刺激实验中，其对运动和非运动皮质区域（枕叶、颞叶、顶叶）产生的部分不良影响。我们有102名参与经颅直流电刺激研究的受试者填写了一份问卷。该问卷包含了关于头痛的存在及严重程度、注意力集中困难、急性情绪变化、视觉感知变化以及在经颅直流电刺激期间和之后电极下出现的任何不适感觉（如疼痛、刺痛、瘙痒或灼烧感）的评分量表。参与者包括健康受试者（75.5%）、偏头痛患者（8.8%）、中风后患者（5.9%）和耳鸣患者（9.8%）。在经颅直流电刺激期间，最常报告的不良反应是轻微刺痛感（70.6%），35.3%的受试者感到中度疲劳，而30.4%的病例在刺激电极下出现轻微瘙痒感。经颅直流电刺激后，报告了头痛（11.8%）、恶心（2.9%）和失眠（0.98%），但频率相当低。此外，与患者相比，健康受试者组在经颅直流电刺激期间瘙痒感的发生率（p = 0.02）和刺痛感的强度（p = 0.02）显著更高；而刺激后患者组头痛的发生率显著更高（p = 0.03）。我们的结果表明，根据目前的经颅直流电刺激安全指南，将其应用于运动和非运动区域，在健康人和患有各种神经系统疾病的患者中，相关的不良反应相对较小。
