Leman Eddy S, Getzenberg Robert H
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Urology, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Marburg 121, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
J Cell Biochem. 2008 Aug 15;104(6):1988-93. doi: 10.1002/jcb.21363.
There are few biomarkers that have been developed which have proven clinical utility for the detection and prognosis of cancer. Cancer is diagnosed today, in large part, by examining cells under the microscope and determining the shape and texture of the nucleus. The molecular underpinnings of this hallmark of cancer are the components of the nuclear matrix. Utilizing proteomics focused on this subset of proteins, biomarkers have been identified that are specific for cancer types including prostate, colon and bladder cancer. These cancer biomarkers now serve as the basis of assays which can specifically identify individuals with cancer by sampling their blood and/or urine. In addition, these may serve as potential therapeutic targeting or imaging approaches.
目前已开发出的生物标志物中，很少有已被证明对癌症检测和预后具有临床实用性的。如今，癌症的诊断在很大程度上是通过在显微镜下检查细胞并确定细胞核的形状和质地来进行的。癌症这一标志的分子基础是核基质的组成部分。利用专注于这一蛋白质子集的蛋白质组学，已鉴定出对包括前列腺癌、结肠癌和膀胱癌在内的癌症类型具有特异性的生物标志物。这些癌症生物标志物现在是检测方法的基础，这些检测方法可以通过采集血液和/或尿液样本专门识别患有癌症的个体。此外，这些生物标志物还可作为潜在的治疗靶点或成像方法。
