Rupp J D, Klinich K D, Moss S, Zhou J, Pearlman M D, Schneider L W
University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.
Stapp Car Crash J. 2001 Nov;45:61-78. doi: 10.4271/2001-22-0003.
A new prototype pregnant abdomen for the Hybrid III small-female ATD is being developed and has been evaluated in a series of component and whole-dummy tests. The new abdomen uses a fluid-filled silicone-rubber bladder to represent the human uterus at 30-weeks gestation, and incorporates anthropometry based on measurements of pregnant women in an automotive driving posture. The response of the new pregnant abdomen to rigid-bar, belt, and close-proximity airbag loading closely matches the human cadaver response, which is thought to be representative to the response of the pregnant abdomen. In the current prototype, known as MAMA-2B (Maternal Anthropomorphic Measurement Apparatus, version 2B), the risk of adverse fetal outcome is determined by measuring the peak anterior pressure within the fluid-filled bladder. Peak internal bladder pressures measured in a series of sled-test simulations of frontal crashes of different severities and occupant-restraint conditions have been correlated to the likelihood of adverse fetal outcome based on risk curves developed from in-depth investigations of real-world crashes involving pregnant occupants. Compared to the original pregnant abdomen, the new prototype has improved geometry and improved impact response to a range of potential in-vehicle loading conditions, However, additional instrumentation development and more rigorous testing are needed before the MAMA-2B can be confidently used to assess restraint system performance with regard to reducing the likelihood of adverse fetal outcome in motor-vehicle crashes.
一种用于混合III型小身材女性假人的新型孕妇腹部模型正在研发中，并已在一系列部件和整假人测试中进行了评估。这种新型腹部模型使用一个充满液体的硅橡胶气囊来模拟妊娠30周时的人体子宫，并根据处于汽车驾驶姿势的孕妇测量数据纳入了人体测量学参数。新型孕妇腹部模型对刚性杆、安全带和近距离安全气囊加载的响应与人体尸体的响应密切匹配，而人体尸体的响应被认为代表了孕妇腹部的响应。在当前的原型中，即MAMA - 2B（母体人体测量装置，版本2B），通过测量充满液体的气囊内的前向峰值压力来确定不良胎儿结局的风险。在一系列不同严重程度的正面碰撞和乘员约束条件的雪橇测试模拟中测得的气囊内部峰值压力，已根据对涉及孕妇乘员的真实世界碰撞的深入调查所绘制的风险曲线，与不良胎儿结局的可能性相关联。与原始的孕妇腹部模型相比，新型原型具有改进的几何形状以及对一系列潜在车内加载条件更好的冲击响应。然而，在MAMA - 2B能够被自信地用于评估约束系统在降低机动车碰撞中不良胎儿结局可能性方面的性能之前，还需要进一步的仪器开发和更严格的测试。
