Takeda Arisa, Motozawa Yasuki, Takaso Marin, Nakamura Mami, Hattori Shinobu, Hitosugi Masahito
Department of Legal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
Department of Mechanical and Precision System, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-8551, Japan.
Healthcare (Basel). 2020 Dec 29;9(1):25. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9010025.
To determine the cause of negative fetal outcomes and the causative mechanism in a frontal collision, we analyzed the kinematics and mechanisms of injuries using an unbelted pregnant dummy, the Maternal Anthropometric Measurement Apparatus dummy, version 2B. Sled tests were performed to recreate frontal impact situations with impact speeds of 13, 26, and 40 km/h. Overall kinematics of the dummy were examined through high-speed video imaging. Quantitative dummy responses-such as time courses of the abdominal pressure, chest deflection, neck injury criteria (Nij), and displacement of the pelvis during impact-were also measured. The maximum abdominal pressure of 103.3 kPa was obtained at an impact speed of 13 km/h. The maximum chest deflection of 38.5 mm and Nij of 0.36 were obtained at an impact speed of 26 km/h. The highest maximum chest deflection of >40.9 mm, Nij of 0.61, and forward pelvis displacement of 478 mm were obtained at an impact speed of 40 km/h. Although the kinematics and mechanism of injuries of the dummy were different for different collision speeds, we found that unbelted pregnant drivers suffer severe or fatal injuries to the fetus even in low-speed collisions.
为了确定正面碰撞中不良胎儿结局的原因及致病机制，我们使用未系安全带的孕妇假人——第二代产妇人体测量装置假人（Maternal Anthropometric Measurement Apparatus dummy, version 2B），分析了损伤的运动学和机制。进行了雪橇试验，以重现速度为13、26和40 km/h的正面碰撞情况。通过高速视频成像检查假人的整体运动学。还测量了假人的定量反应，如腹部压力随时间的变化过程、胸部变形、颈部损伤标准（Nij）以及碰撞期间骨盆的位移。在13 km/h的碰撞速度下获得了103.3 kPa的最大腹部压力。在26 km/h的碰撞速度下获得了38.5 mm的最大胸部变形和0.36的Nij。在40 km/h的碰撞速度下获得了大于40.9 mm的最高最大胸部变形、0.61的Nij和478 mm的骨盆向前位移。尽管假人在不同碰撞速度下的损伤运动学和机制有所不同，但我们发现，即使在低速碰撞中，未系安全带的孕妇驾驶员的胎儿也会遭受严重或致命伤害。
