Duma Stefan M, Moorcroft David M, Gabler Hampton C, Manoogian Sarah M, Stitzel Joel D, Duma Greg G
Virginia Tech - Wake Forest, Center for Injury Biomechanics, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med. 2006;50:187-98.
The purpose of this paper is to present the crash exposure patterns of pregnant occupants and to evaluate the effectiveness of restraint systems, including four-point seatbelts, in far side crashes. The NASS CDS database revealed that 53.0 % of pregnant occupants are exposed to frontal crashes while 13.5 % are exposed to far side impacts. Given that far side crashes were the second leading crash mode after frontal impacts, a previously validated MADYMO computer model of a 30 week pregnant occupant was utilized to investigate pregnant occupant biomechanics in far side crashes. Three impact speeds (5, 15, and 25 mph) were simulated with four restraint conditions: unbelted, lap-belt only, three-point belt, and a four-point belt. Direct abdominal contact from the shoulder strap of the three-point or four-point belt caused uterine-placental strain in contrast to the inertial loading induced strain in the lap-belt and unbelted cases. Overall, the three-point and four-point belt systems provide superior restraint effectiveness for the pregnant occupant compared to the lap-belt and no restraint cases. The four-point resulted in slightly better performance than the three-point belt by reducing the fetal injury risk and occupant excursion.
本文旨在呈现孕妇驾乘人员的碰撞暴露模式，并评估包括四点式安全带在内的约束系统在远侧碰撞中的有效性。国家汽车抽样系统事故数据系统（NASS CDS）数据库显示，53.0%的孕妇驾乘人员遭遇正面碰撞，而13.5%遭遇远侧碰撞。鉴于远侧碰撞是仅次于正面碰撞的第二大碰撞模式，利用先前验证过的30周孕期驾乘人员的MADYMO计算机模型，研究孕妇驾乘人员在远侧碰撞中的生物力学特性。模拟了三种碰撞速度（5英里/小时、15英里/小时和25英里/小时）以及四种约束条件：未系安全带、仅使用腰安全带、三点式安全带和四点式安全带。与腰安全带和未系安全带情况下由惯性载荷引起的应变相比，三点式或四点式安全带肩带直接接触腹部会导致子宫 - 胎盘应变。总体而言，与腰安全带和无约束情况相比，三点式和四点式安全带系统为孕妇驾乘人员提供了更好的约束效果。四点式安全带通过降低胎儿受伤风险和驾乘人员偏移量，其性能略优于三点式安全带。
