Zhang L, Yang K H, Dwarampudi R, Omori K, Li T, Chang K, Hardy W N, Khalil T B, King A I
Wayne State University.
Stapp Car Crash J. 2001 Nov;45:369-94. doi: 10.4271/2001-22-0017.
Many finite element models have been developed by several research groups in order to achieve a better understanding of brain injury. Due to the lack of experimental data, validation of these models has generally been limited. Consequently, applying these models to investigate brain responses has also been limited. Over the last several years, several versions of the Wayne State University brain injury model (WSUBIM) were developed. However, none of these models is capable of simulating indirect impacts with an angular acceleration higher than 8,000 rad/s(2). Additionally, the density and quality of the mesh in the regions of interest are not detailed and sensitive enough to accurately predict the stress/strain level associated with a wide range of impact severities. In this study, WSUBIM version 2001, capable of simulating direct and indirect impacts with a combined translational and rotational acceleration of the head up to 200 g and 12,000 rad/s(2) has been developed. This new finely meshed model, consisting of more than 314,500 elements and 281,800 nodes, also simulates an anatomically detailed facial bone model. An additional new feature of the model is the damageable material property representation of the facial bone and the skull, allowing it to simulate bony fractures. The model was subjected to extensive validation using published cadaveric test data. These data include the intracranial and ventricular pressure data reported by Nahum et al. (1977) and Trosseille et al. (1992), the relative displacement data between the brain and the skull reported by King et al. (1999) and Hardy et al. (2001), and the facial impact data reported by Nyquist et al. (1986) and Allsop et al. (1988). With the enhanced accuracy of model predictions offered by this new model, along with new experimental data, it is hoped that it will become a powerful tool to further our understanding of the mechanisms of injury and the tolerance of the brain to blunt impact.
为了更好地理解脑损伤，多个研究小组开发了许多有限元模型。由于缺乏实验数据，这些模型的验证工作通常受到限制。因此，将这些模型应用于研究脑部反应也受到了限制。在过去几年中，韦恩州立大学脑损伤模型（WSUBIM）开发了多个版本。然而，这些模型都无法模拟角加速度高于8000 rad/s²的间接撞击。此外，感兴趣区域的网格密度和质量不够详细和敏感，无法准确预测与各种撞击严重程度相关的应力/应变水平。在本研究中，开发了WSUBIM 2001版本，它能够模拟头部平移和旋转加速度组合高达200 g和12000 rad/s²的直接和间接撞击。这个新的精细网格模型由超过314,500个单元和281,800个节点组成，还模拟了一个解剖学上详细的面部骨骼模型。该模型的另一个新特性是面部骨骼和颅骨的可损伤材料属性表示，使其能够模拟骨折。该模型使用已发表的尸体测试数据进行了广泛验证。这些数据包括Nahum等人（1977年）和Trosseille等人（1992年）报告的颅内和脑室压力数据、King等人（1999年）和Hardy等人（2001年）报告的脑与颅骨之间的相对位移数据，以及Nyquist等人（1986年）和Allsop等人（1988年）报告的面部撞击数据。随着这个新模型提供的模型预测准确性的提高，以及新的实验数据，希望它将成为一个强大的工具，以进一步加深我们对损伤机制和大脑对钝性撞击耐受性的理解。
