Wardle J, Steptoe A
Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London, U.K.
Soc Sci Med. 1991;33(8):925-36. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(91)90263-c.
The aim of this study was to assess a wide range of health-related behaviours, beliefs concerning the importance of behaviours for health, and health knowledge, using a standardized protocol suitable for translation and administration in different countries of Europe. An inventory was developed from previous literature for the assessment of substance use, positive health practices, diet and eating habits, driving behaviour and preventive health care, beliefs concerning the importance of 25 activities for health, and knowledge about the influence of seven factors (including smoking, alcohol and diet) on major diseases. The first phase of the study involved administration of the inventory to approximately 200 male and 200 female university students aged 18-30 in 20 European countries. This report concerns data collected from 419 students in the U.K., together with analyses of short-term response stability. The inventory showed adequate short-term stability. Sex differences were observed in a number of behaviours, including consumption of fats and cholesterol, salt and fibre, dieting, exercise, sun-protection, driving speed, regular dental check-ups, frequency of brushing teeth, access to doctor and blood pressure measurement. Beliefs about the importance of behaviours for health were closely associated with the occurrence or frequency of the behaviours both within and between health behaviour categories. Little relationship was observed between health behaviour and awareness of the role of these same factors in disease. Important gaps in health knowledge were identified. Data concerning the frequency of health-related behaviours is crucial to the planning of health education and primary prevention programmes. The close association between beliefs and behaviour emphasises the importance of cognitive factors, while health knowledge appears to play a less direct role.
本研究的目的是使用一种适用于在欧洲不同国家进行翻译和实施的标准化方案，评估一系列与健康相关的行为、对行为对健康重要性的信念以及健康知识。根据以往文献编制了一份清单，用于评估物质使用、积极的健康行为、饮食和饮食习惯、驾驶行为及预防性医疗保健、对25项促进健康活动重要性的信念，以及关于七个因素（包括吸烟、饮酒和饮食）对主要疾病影响的知识。研究的第一阶段涉及在20个欧洲国家对约200名年龄在18 - 30岁的男大学生和200名女大学生进行清单调查。本报告涉及从英国419名学生收集的数据，以及对短期反应稳定性的分析。该清单显示出足够的短期稳定性。在一些行为方面观察到了性别差异，包括脂肪和胆固醇的摄入、盐和纤维的摄入、节食、锻炼、防晒、驾驶速度、定期牙科检查、刷牙频率、看医生和测量血压。对行为对健康重要性的信念与健康行为类别内部和之间行为的发生或频率密切相关。在健康行为与对这些相同因素在疾病中作用的认识之间几乎没有观察到关联。发现了健康知识方面的重要差距。有关与健康相关行为频率的数据对于健康教育和初级预防计划的规划至关重要。信念与行为之间的密切关联强调了认知因素的重要性，而健康知识似乎发挥的直接作用较小。
