Braithwaite Jason J, Humphreys Glyn W
Behavioural Brain Sciences Centre, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
Vision Res. 2007 Jun;47(12):1570-83. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2007.02.019. Epub 2007 Apr 24.
In preview search a new target is difficult to detect if it carries a feature shared with the old distractors [Braithwaite, J. J., Humphreys, G. W., & Hodsoll, J. (2003). Color grouping in space and time: Evidence from negative color-based carry-over effects in preview search. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 29(4), 758-778.] Two experiments are presented which examined whether this negative color carry-over effect is dependent on an attentional-set to ignore old, irrelevant distractors. Consistent with this, the data show that the negative carry-over effect is greatly reduced if the attentional-set to ignore the old preview items is removed and replaced by a set to prioritize the old items instead. The findings demonstrate that preview search, and the carry-over effect, are at least partly determined by a top-down intentional bias against old, irrelevant information.
在预搜索中，如果新目标具有与旧干扰项共有的特征，那么该新目标就很难被检测到[布雷斯韦特，J. J.，汉弗莱斯，G. W.，& 霍德索尔，J.（2003年）。时空上的颜色分组：来自预搜索中基于颜色的负延续效应的证据。《实验心理学杂志：人类知觉与表现》，29(4)，758 - 778]。本文呈现了两个实验，检验了这种负颜色延续效应是否依赖于一种注意定势，即忽略旧的、不相关的干扰项。与此一致的是，数据表明，如果去除忽略旧预视项目的注意定势，转而采用优先考虑旧项目的定势，那么负延续效应会大大降低。这些发现表明，预搜索以及延续效应至少部分是由一种自上而下的、针对旧的、不相关信息的有意偏差所决定的。
