Hodsoll John P, Humphreys Glyn W
School of Psychology, Behavioural Brain Science Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
Vision Res. 2007 May;47(11):1464-78. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2007.01.027. Epub 2007 Apr 12.
We used the preview search procedure (Watson, D. G., & Humphreys G. W. (1997). Prioritising selection for new objects by top-down attentional inhibition of old objects. Psychological Review, 104, 90-122.) to examine distractor grouping in visual search for categorically-defined targets in the orientation dimension (Wolfe, J. M., Friedman-Hill, S. R., Stewart, M. I., & O'Connell, K. M. (1992). The role of categorization in visual search for orientation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 18, 34-49). Participants searched for a relatively steep target presented amongst distractors of two shallow orientations. In a preview condition, the different distractors were presented in different time steps and search was found to be worse than a full-set baseline (Experiment 1). Further experiments determined this was not due to attentional capture by new distractors that were steeper than old items, nor to participants using different search strategies in the preview and full-set baselines. However, there were costs to performance when the old distractor group differed in orientation from the new distractors. We attribute the results to the preview condition disrupting grouping between distractors, with the different distractor groups then competing for selection with the target. An examination of the time-course of the preview effect suggested that grouping and segmentation was fast-acting, and separate from a process such as visual marking, involving the slow suppression of distractors over time. Under asynchronous presentation conditions, preview and new distractors that differ from the target orientation category, can compete rather than cooperate in grouping.
我们使用了预览搜索程序（沃森，D.G.，& 汉弗莱斯，G.W.（1997年）。通过自上而下对旧物体的注意抑制来优先选择新物体。《心理学评论》，104，90 - 122。）来检验在视觉搜索中按方向维度分类定义的目标时干扰项的分组情况（沃尔夫，J.M.，弗里德曼 - 希尔，S.R.，斯图尔特，M.I.，& 奥康奈尔，K.M.（1992年）。分类在视觉搜索方向中的作用。《实验心理学杂志：人类知觉与表现》，18，34 - 49）。参与者在两个较浅方向的干扰项中搜索一个相对较陡的目标。在预览条件下，不同的干扰项在不同的时间步呈现，结果发现搜索效果比全组基线更差（实验1）。进一步的实验确定，这不是由于比旧项目更陡的新干扰项引起的注意捕获，也不是由于参与者在预览和全组基线中使用了不同的搜索策略。然而，当旧干扰项组与新干扰项在方向上不同时，表现会有代价。我们将结果归因于预览条件破坏了干扰项之间的分组，然后不同的干扰项组与目标竞争选择。对预览效应时间进程的研究表明，分组和分割作用迅速，并且与视觉标记等过程不同，视觉标记涉及随着时间对干扰项的缓慢抑制。在异步呈现条件下，与目标方向类别不同的预览干扰项和新干扰项在分组中会相互竞争而不是合作。
