van Meeteren Laurens A, Moolenaar Wouter H
Division of Cellular Biochemistry, Centre for Biomedical Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Prog Lipid Res. 2007 Mar;46(2):145-60. doi: 10.1016/j.plipres.2007.02.001. Epub 2007 Mar 16.
Autotaxin (ATX), or nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2 (NPP2), is an exo-enzyme originally identified as a tumor cell autocrine motility factor. ATX is unique among the NPPs in that it primarily functions as a lysophospholipase D, converting lysophosphatidylcholine into the lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). LPA acts on specific G protein-coupled receptors to elicit a wide range of cellular responses, ranging from cell proliferation and migration to neurite remodeling and cytokine production. While LPA signaling has been studied extensively over the last decade, we are only now beginning to explore the properties and biological importance of ATX as the major LPA-producing phospholipase. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the ATX-LPA axis, giving first an update on LPA action and then focusing on ATX, in particular its regulation, its link to cancer and its vital role in vascular development.
自分泌运动因子（ATX），即核苷酸焦磷酸酶/磷酸二酯酶2（NPP2），是一种最初被鉴定为肿瘤细胞自分泌运动因子的胞外酶。ATX在核苷酸焦磷酸酶中独具特色，因为它主要作为溶血磷脂酶D发挥作用，将溶血磷脂酰胆碱转化为脂质介质溶血磷脂酸（LPA）。LPA作用于特定的G蛋白偶联受体，引发广泛的细胞反应，从细胞增殖和迁移到神经突重塑和细胞因子产生。尽管在过去十年中对LPA信号传导进行了广泛研究，但我们现在才开始探索ATX作为主要LPA产生磷脂酶的特性和生物学重要性。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了我们对ATX-LPA轴理解的最新进展，首先更新了LPA的作用，然后聚焦于ATX，特别是其调节、与癌症的联系以及在血管发育中的重要作用。
