Lamminpaa A, Vilska J
Poison Control Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Vet Hum Toxicol. 1991 Oct;33(5):482-5.
Over 10% of emergency room patients are diagnosed as having alcohol (6.0%) or drug intoxication. In the present study 196 alcohol intoxications treated in a hospital were studied retrospectively; 49.2% of the patients had abnormal acid-base values, alcoholics more often than non-alcoholics (p = 0.04). Mean blood ethanol concentration (BAC) was 310 mg/dl (SD 120); alcoholics had higher concentrations of alcohol. BAC was the higher the lower the serum pH was (p less than 0.002, r = -0.45). The deeper the coma the lower the serum pH (p less than 0.05) and the higher the BAC (p less than 0.0001). Respiratory acidosis (31.7%) was an important finding in those intoxicated. Metabolic acidosis (7.9%) could be explained by the presence metabolites of ethanol in the serum and by decreased extra-cellular fluid volume. Metabolic alkalosis related to vomiting and an extra-cellular fluid volume decrease was found in 7.9% of the patients. Respiratory alkalosis was a rare finding (1.6%). Hypokalemia (22.5%) and hypernatremia (15.3%) were the most important electrolyte changes. Chronic alcoholics had lower serum potassium than had non-alcoholics; 3.6% (n = 7) of the patients had to be intubated. Acid-base disturbances were frequent in adults with alcohol intoxication. Serum pH correlated well with the state of consciousness and the BAC.
超过10%的急诊患者被诊断为酒精（6.0%）或药物中毒。在本研究中，对一家医院收治的196例酒精中毒患者进行了回顾性研究；49.2%的患者酸碱值异常，酗酒者比非酗酒者更常见（p = 0.04）。平均血液乙醇浓度（BAC）为310 mg/dl（标准差120）；酗酒者的酒精浓度更高。血清pH值越低，BAC越高（p < 0.002，r = -0.45）。昏迷越深，血清pH值越低（p < 0.05），BAC越高（p < 0.0001）。呼吸性酸中毒（31.7%）是中毒患者的一个重要发现。代谢性酸中毒（7.9%）可由血清中乙醇代谢产物的存在和细胞外液量减少来解释。7.9%的患者出现与呕吐和细胞外液量减少相关的代谢性碱中毒。呼吸性碱中毒是罕见的发现（1.6%）。低钾血症（22.5%）和高钠血症（15.3%）是最重要的电解质变化。慢性酗酒者的血清钾低于非酗酒者；3.6%（n = 7）的患者需要插管。酒精中毒的成年人中酸碱紊乱很常见。血清pH值与意识状态和BAC密切相关。
