Lamminpää A
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Alcohol Alcohol. 1995 Jan;30(1):5-12.
Coma and vomiting are the commonest symptoms in young teenagers intoxicated by alcohol. Severe toxicity, manifested as coma, occurs at lower blood alcohol concentrations in young teenagers than in adults. The effect of ethanol on the state of consciousness is directly proportional to blood alcohol concentration. Among children under 5 years of age the risk of hypoglycaemia is increased. A significant risk in acute alcohol intoxication is the rapid development of coma, which in cold environments could lead to fatal hypothermia. Preschool-age children are reported to eliminate ethanol twice as fast as adults, whereas young teenagers eliminate it at the adult rate. The biochemical disturbances in children 11 to 16 years of age with alcohol intoxication resemble those of adults. Mild acidosis of a respiratory or metabolic origin and mild hypokalaemia are common findings in young teenagers. Fluid replacement with glucose-containing fluids and follow-up are generally the only treatments needed for complete recovery. Motives leading to alcohol intoxication are a wish to get drunk, experimenting, problems in human relations, and attempted suicide. The underlying problems are often family-related, such as divorce, an alcoholic parent and a lower socioeconomic group.
昏迷和呕吐是青少年酒精中毒最常见的症状。与成年人相比，青少年在较低的血液酒精浓度下就会出现严重中毒，表现为昏迷。乙醇对意识状态的影响与血液酒精浓度成正比。5岁以下儿童发生低血糖的风险增加。急性酒精中毒的一个重大风险是昏迷迅速发展，在寒冷环境中可能导致致命的体温过低。据报道，学龄前儿童消除乙醇的速度是成年人的两倍，而青少年消除乙醇的速度与成年人相同。11至16岁酒精中毒儿童的生化紊乱与成年人相似。呼吸性或代谢性轻度酸中毒和轻度低钾血症是青少年的常见表现。一般来说，用含葡萄糖的液体进行补液和随访是完全康复所需的唯一治疗方法。导致酒精中毒的动机包括想要喝醉、尝试、人际关系问题和自杀未遂。潜在问题往往与家庭有关，如离婚、父母酗酒和社会经济地位较低。
