Mata C, Hervás I, Herranz J, Suárez F, Malo J E
Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
J Environ Manage. 2008 Aug;88(3):407-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.03.014. Epub 2007 Apr 30.
Numerous road and railway construction projects include costly mitigation measures to offset the barrier effect produced on local fauna, despite the scarcity of data on the effectiveness of such mitigation measures. In this study, we evaluate the utility of different types of crossing structures. Vertebrate use of 43 transverse crossing structures along the A-52 motorway (north-western Spain) was studied during spring 2001. Research centered on wildlife passages (9), wildlife-adapted box culverts (7), functional passages (6 overpasses, 7 underpasses) and culverts (14), with marble dust being used to record animal tracks. A total of 424 track-days were recorded, with most of the larger vertebrate groups present in the area being detected. All crossing structure types were used by animals, although the intensity of use varied significantly among them (Kruskal-Wallis test, p<0.05); culverts were used less frequently than other structures. Crossing structure type and width were identified as the most important factors in their selection for use. Wildlife passages and adapted culverts allowed crossing by certain species (wild boar, roe deer, Eurasian badger), which do not tend to cross elsewhere. These results highlight the importance of using both mixed-type structures and wildlife passages in reducing the barrier effect of roads.
许多道路和铁路建设项目都包括代价高昂的缓解措施，以抵消对当地动物群产生的屏障效应，尽管关于此类缓解措施有效性的数据匮乏。在本研究中，我们评估了不同类型的穿越结构的效用。2001年春季，我们对西班牙西北部A-52高速公路沿线43个横向穿越结构的脊椎动物使用情况进行了研究。研究集中在野生动物通道（9个）、适应野生动物的箱涵（7个）、功能性通道（6座天桥、7座地下通道）和涵洞（14个），使用大理石粉来记录动物足迹。总共记录了424个足迹日，该地区存在的大多数较大脊椎动物群体都被检测到了。所有类型的穿越结构都有动物使用，尽管它们之间的使用强度差异显著（Kruskal-Wallis检验，p<0.05）；涵洞的使用频率低于其他结构。穿越结构类型和宽度被确定为动物选择使用它们的最重要因素。野生动物通道和适应的涵洞允许某些物种（野猪、狍、欧亚獾）穿越，而这些物种在其他地方往往不会穿越。这些结果凸显了使用混合型结构和野生动物通道在减少道路屏障效应方面的重要性。
